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Cells EOC review
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Cells video Cell membrane video
=WRO- DPyB9Bk&list=PL1gul70LLx9wpQPbtp h2uCjnW4UkwM4UD&index=1 =dPKvHrD1eS4 Cell differentiation video: =cyaVEotYsY0 Review activities/animations:
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Cells Cell theory - 3 parts 1) cells are basic unit of life
2) cells come from existing cells 3) all organisms are composed of cells Organelles – compartments for carrying out specific jobs /chemical reactions 1) chloroplast – photosynthesis 2) mitochondria – cellular respiration 3) ribosomes – protein synthesis 4) vacuoles – storage 5) nucleus – contains DNA and controls cell actions 6) nucleolus – site of ribosome formation Cells
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Cells Eukaryotic cells Larger Prokaryotic cells More complex Smaller
Less complex No nucleus No MB organelles bacteria Eukaryotic cells Larger More complex Nucleus and MB organelles Plants, animals, fungi, protists Cells
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Plant cells Animal cells Cell wall Centrioles Chloroplasts
Large central vacuole Animal cells Centrioles Tiny vacuoles Cells
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Cellular Transport Plasma membrane controls homeostasis (balance)
Structure – composed of a phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins “gates” Function – acts as a selectively permeable boundary around the cell
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Cellular transport Active transport Passive transport Uses energy
No energy Moves from high to low concentration Goes down the concentration gradient Ex. Osmosis, diffusion, facilitated diffusion Active transport Uses energy Moves from low to high concentration Goes against the concentration gradient Ex. Sodium potassium pump, exocytosis, endocytosis Cellular transport
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Cellular Transport Types of Passive Transport – no energy required
1) Diffusion – moves substances from high to low concentrations down their concentration gradient 2) Osmosis – the diffusion of water Ex) cell in salt water – shrivels Ex) cell in fresh water swells 3) Facilitated diffusion – movement of a substance down its concentration through a transport protein channel Active Transport – requires energy – moves substances against the concentration gradient from low to high concentrations; ex. sodium potassium pump
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Vocab review game
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Term: mitochondria Term: nucleus
Definition: Control center of the cell Definition: Converts glucose into cellular energy; powerhouse
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Term: endocytosis Term: active transport Definition: Active transport that brings materials into the cell Definition: Type of transport that requires the expenditure (use) of energy
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Definition: Cell without a nucleus
Term: prokaryotic Definition: Cell without a nucleus Term: cell membrane, lipid bilayer, phospholipid bilayer, plasma membrane Definition: Selectively permeable outer membrane of a cell; made if lipids and proteins
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Term: cell wall Term: exocytosis Definition: Rigid, outer structure of a plant cell for protection and support Definition: Active transport that expels materials from the cell
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Term: ribosomes Term: passive transport Definition: Site of protein synthesis Definition: Type of transport that does not require energy
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Definition: Cell with a nucleus
Term: diffusion Term: eukaryote Definition: Movement of molecules across the cell membrane from high concentration to low concentration Definition: Cell with a nucleus
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Definition: Captures sunlight to make glucose
Term: chloroplast Term: osmosis Definition: Captures sunlight to make glucose Definition: Movement of water across cell membrane from high to low concentration
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Term: centrioles Term: vacuole Definition: Found in pairs; used in cell division of animal cells Definition: Membrane bound structure for temporary storage of waste and water
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What am I review Game
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Animal cell Plant cell
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Prokaryotic cell Sperm cell
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Red blood cell Cell membrane
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Big brown structure in bottom cell
nucleus mitochondria Big brown structure in bottom cell
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chloroplast Golgi body
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osmosis Semi-permeable Diffusion of water description of membrane which allows certain movement into a cell
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Endocytosis, active transport, phagocytosis
Compound light microscope Type of microscope example of type of transport exhibited by WBCs as they feed on bacteria (more than one possible answer)
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(high concentration to low concentration)
430X Passive transport the total magnification of a microscope with a 10X eyepiece and a 43X objective diffusion (high concentration to low concentration) Type of transport
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osmosis (water is moving from high to low) Type of transport
Passive transport Active transport osmosis (water is moving from high to low) Type of transport Energy required (low concentration to high concentration) Type of transport
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Sodium potassium pump (Type of transport)
Passive transport Active transport Facilitated diffusion Molecules moving from high to low through a protein Type of transport Sodium potassium pump (Type of transport)
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Prokaryotic cell Eukaryotic cells Bacteria are this type of cell Cells with this organelle
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Eukaryotic cell Prokaryotic cell Cell with a nuclear membrane Oldest type of cell
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Prokaryotic cell Osmosis Cell with circular DNA Get water into cells
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diffusion nucleus Get oxygen into cells and carbon dioxide out of cells Eukaryotic chromosomes location
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cytoplasm Organ systems Prokaryotic chromosomes location Cells → tissues →organ →____
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nucleus ribosome nucleotide →DNA →chromosome →______ →cell Protein synthesis in cells
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mitochondria chloroplast Energy released in a cell Photosynthesis in a cell
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Golgi bodies mitochondria Proteins repackaged and sent out Respiration organelle
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ribosome Enzymes production organelle
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Practice EOC questions
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A freshwater plant is placed into a saltwater aquarium
A freshwater plant is placed into a saltwater aquarium. Which of the following structures controls the materials that enter and leave a cell? A a. cell membrane b. cell junction c. cell wall d. cytoplasm
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Choose 3 out of the 5 terms that describe a plant cell
Choose 3 out of the 5 terms that describe a plant cell?: Prokaryotic, cell wall made of cellulose, centrioles, eukaryotic, chloroplast a. prokaryotic, cell wall of cellulose, chloroplast b. eukaryotic, centrioles, chloroplast c. eukaryotic, cell wall of cellulose, chloroplast d. prokaryotic, cell wall of cellulose, centrioles C
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Some organelles have their own DNA that is distinct from the cell’s nuclear DNA. This is true of which two organelles? a. cell wall, plasma membrane b. mitochondrion, chloroplast c. plasma membrane, chloroplast d. vacuole, mitochondrion B
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a. flagella, chloroplasts b. cilia, ribosomes c. cilia, nuclei
Human sperm cells must move rapidly, often against gravity, in order to reach the egg before they die, using their ______________. Based on this information, the ______________would be more abundant in a sperm cell than a skin cell. D a. flagella, chloroplasts b. cilia, ribosomes c. cilia, nuclei d. flagella, mitochondria
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How can you distinguish a plant cell from an animal cell
How can you distinguish a plant cell from an animal cell? Plant cells have A. centrioles, cell wall, mitochondria B. large central vacuole, mitochondria, chloroplast C. large central vacuole, chloroplast, cell wall D. centrioles, chloroplast, mitochondria C
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Which of the following is a prokaryotic cell?
Mitochondria Cell Wall Nucleic Acids Nucleus Cytoplasm Cell Membrane Ribosome A √ B C D D Which of the following is a prokaryotic cell?
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Correctly identify the cells
1. 2. 3. 4. B Correctly identify the cells 1 2 3 4 A Cheek cell Muscle cell White blood cell Nerve cell B Red blood cell Sperm C D
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These cells were all collected from Anita Mann
These cells were all collected from Anita Mann. If they all have Anita’s DNA what causes them to be different? white blood cell red blood cell cheek cells sperm nerve cell muscle cell a. different sections of DNA are expressed causing cells to become specialized b. each cell has different DNA c. not enough information is provided d. specialized cells function differently, causing different sections of DNA to be expressed A
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The folds of membranes ___________ which increase the efficiency of the _________ to perform __________ to make ________ D a. Increase surface area; mitochondria; cellular respiration; ATP b. Decrease surface area; chloroplast; cellular respiration; oxygen c. Increase surface area; chloroplast; cellular respiration; oxygen d. Increase surface area; mitochondria; cellular respiration; oxygen
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Microscopes help reveal greater detail about the structures of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Prokaryotic cells are ________ while eukaryotic cells are _______. a. more complex, less simple b. more complex, less complex c. less complex; more complex d. less complex, more simple C
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Why will a saltwater fish placed into a freshwater lake die?
A. The saltwater fish is unable to adapt to changes in temperature. B. The saltwater fish is unable to adapt to changes in pH. C. The saltwater fish is unable to adapt to changes in osmotic pressure D. The saltwater fish is unable to adapt to changes in nutrient concentration. C
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One common dental procedure to reduce the inflammation of a canker sore on the tongue is to gargle warm salt water. Which organelle allows for water to leave the cell? A. cell wall B. cell membrane C. cytoplasm D. mitochondria B
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C. facilitated diffusion D. selective permeability
Within lungs CO2 and O2 diffuse down the concentration gradient freely. Which process explains the diffusion of substances across semi-permeable membranes without any energy being expended? A. active transport B. passive transport C. facilitated diffusion D. selective permeability B
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A. Water will flow into the cell by active transport
D A cell is placed into a salt solution. The salt concentration is greater in the solution than inside the cell. Which best describes what will most likely happen? A. Water will flow into the cell by active transport B. Water will flow out of the cell by active transport C. Water will flow into the cell by passive transport. D. Water will flow out of the cell by passive transport.
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C. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) D. carbon dioxide (CO2)
The energy in the food produced by autotrophs or taken into the bodies of heterotrophs must be changed into a form that cells can use. The energy-transferring molecule used by cells is… A. glucose (C6H12O6) B. oxygen (O2) C. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) D. carbon dioxide (CO2) C
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C The diagram above shows a human red blood cell in water. Diagram A shows the cell in dynamic equilibrium. What will happen to the person’s red bloods cells if they add more salt to their diet? Stays in dynamic equilibrium (diagram A) Water enters and cell swells (diagram B) Water leaves and cells shrinks (diagram C) Not enough information is provided
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Proteins are made in the ribosomes of a cell, whereas DNA is found in which 3 organelles?
A cell has large vacuoles, chloroplasts and a cell wall. What kind of cell is this most likely to be? A scientist treats a cell with a chemical that helps lysosomes. As a result, which cell process will be most helped? How do prokaryotic cells differ from eukaryotic cells? A freshwater plant is moved to a salt marsh. Predict the effect of that movement on the plant.
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Concentration gradient Specialization Differentiation Adult stem cells
Vocabulary Embryonic stem cells Prokaryotic Eukaryotic Plasma membrane Nucleus Cell wall Mitochondria Vacuoles Chloroplasts Ribosomes Cytoplasm Homeostasis Passive transport Diffusion Osmosis Active transport Concentration gradient Specialization Differentiation Adult stem cells Essential Questions Compare and contrast prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Compare and contrast plant and animal cells. What facts would you select to support the driving force behind diffusion and osmosis? What situation would cause an animal cell to burst? Can a plant cell burst? Explain how unspecialized cells differentiate into specialized cells. Explain how chemical signals influence the development of cells. Examine how cells maintain homeostasis to support life.
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Organelle and function matching game:
cell game: cell jeopardy: cell structure vocab games: organelle challenge game: cells and cell membrane review game: microscopes hangman: cell vocabulary matching:
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