5. IS THIS A GOOD IDEA?

6. Giardia

7. Protists The world of Protists: Animal-like Protists
Plant-like Protists
Fungus-like Protists
Kingdom Protista
Protists are microscopic, unicellular organisms that have a nucleus and a number of other specialized cell structures
According to one hypothesis, the first protists were the result of a symboitic relationship between several types of bacteria
Grouped in three catagories
Animal – like
Plant – Like
Fungus – Like

8. Protist Diversity
200,000 species come in different shapes, sizes, and colors
All are eukaryotes – have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles

9. Protozoans
Animal-like Protists

10. Protozoans Unicellular – made up of one cell
Heterotrophs – they eat other organisms or dead organic matter
Classified by how they move

11. Sarcodines Zooflagellates Ciliates Sporozoans
Groups of Protozoans
Sarcodines
Zooflagellates
Ciliates
Sporozoans
Animal

12. Sarcodines Have pseudopods (which enable movement) False foot
Capture and engulf food
Many have shells that support and protect the cell
Chalk may have remnants of these ancient protists

13. Amoebas: the blobs No cell wall
Move using pseudopods – plasma extensions
Engulf bits of food by flowing around and over them
Use their pseusdopods to move and obtain food
Forms a bubble like structure called a food vacuole
Cell membrane takes in materials and gets rid of waste
Reproduce by splitting in two (double the hereditary material)
Move from areas of bright to dim light

19. Naegleria fowleri

20. Lake Havasu

21. Zooflagellates Live inside the bodies of animals Symbiotic
Termites and roaches rely on zooflgellates for survival – to digest wood
Parasitic zooflagellates are responsible for diseases
African Sleeping
Intestinal

22. Zooflagellates: the motorboats
Use a whip-like extension called a flagella to move
one to eight flagella
Some cause diseases
African sleeping sickness
Guardia

23. Relationships Symbiotic – one species beneifts Mutualism Parasitism
Flagellates live in termites
Mutualism
Parasitism
Harms host

25. African Sleeping Sickness

26. Ciliates: the hairy ones
Move beating tiny hairs called cilia
Paramecium
Slipper shape
Has an oral groove
Have hair-like projections called cilia on the outside of the cell
Cilia act like tiny oars
Movement of the cilia helps sweep food towards
Cilia cover the entire organism
Food enters the

29. Sporazoans: the parasite
Non-motile - Do not move
Live inside a host
One type causes malaria
All sporozoans are parasites that feed on the cells and body fluids of their host animals
Form cells known as spores
Enable sporozoans to pass from one host to the next
A new host can become infected with the spores if it eats food containing the spores

30. Malaria in red blood cells

31. Plasmodium Causes the malaria disease
Humans and Anopheles mosquito are hosts
Both are necessary for the life cycle

32. How do I get infected Easy!! Mosquito with Plasmodium bites you
The infected saliva contains spores
Now it’s in you

33. OH NO! Carried in your blood your liver Spores divide
Infect red blood cells
Blood cells burst
Spores infect more blood cells
Infect anopheles mosquito
Gut, divide, move to mouth

34. Symptoms Develop within short hours of your blood cells bursting
Fever of 105
6-8 (weeks)

41. Plant – Like Protists

42. How Are the Plant – Like Protists Classified?
Euglenas
Diatoms
Dinoflagellates
Red, Brown, & Green Algae

43. Outline Plantlike Protists (are phytoflagellates) -Euglena -Diatoms
-Dinoflagellates
Like plants, plantlike protists are autotrophs that use their light energy to make their own food from simple raw materials
Food for animals
Produce oxygen for us
Flagellates or phytoflagellates with means plant

44. What are they? (put in notes - Characteristics)
Unicellular – single celled
Considered Algae
Photosynthetic – make their own food
No roots, stems, or leaves
Each has chlorophyll and other photosynthetic pigments

45. Plantlike Protists
Plantlike protists are autotrophs that use light energy to make their own food from simple raw materials.
Organisms rely on these for food (symbiotic)
Can turn into heterotrophs if kept in the dark
70% of the Earth’s oxygen comes from these

46. Euglena: The Survivors
Aquatic
Move around like animals
Reddish Eyespot, 2 flagella, chloroplasts
Can ingest food from surroundings when light is not available
Variety of forms; some long and oval
Has a pellicle – tough outer covering
One long and one short flagella
Eyespot – sensitive to light

47. Characteristics
Reddish Eyespot
Pouch with 2 flagella
Chloroplasts

50. Diatoms: The Golden Ones
Have shells made of silica (glass)
Photosynthetic pigment called carotenoids – give them a golden color
Unicellular
How do you feel about brushing your teeth with protists
Most numerous of protists
10,000 living species
Most attractive
Enclosed with a two part glassy shell
Covered with spines, patterns, ridges, and holes
When they die their glassy shells remain –collect and called diatomaceous earth which is used by humans

51. Used By Humans Toothpaste Polishing agents Used in traffic lane paint
Pools

54. Dinoflagellates: The Spinning Ones
Spin around using two flagella
Cell walls like armor plates
Responsible for Red Tides
Create toxins that can kill animals and sometimes people

56. Algal Blooms
An algal bloom is a rapid increase in the population of algae in an aquatic system.
Algal blooms may occur in freshwater as well as marine environments.

57. Red Tide and Dinoflagellates
1987 – Turned waters in Fl brown and yellow
Has been seen on coasts around the world
Caused illness
Reproduction of these protists is rapid
Produce toxins that can kill living things

61. Red Tide

62. Red Algae: The…uh…Red Ones (duh)
Seaweeds
Multicellular, marine organisms
Have red and blue pigments
Used in ice cream and hair conditioners
Used in foods as well

65. Brown Algae: The Brown Ones (You think?)
They have air bladders to help them float at the surface – where the light is.
Can have other pigments (green, yellow, orange)
Found in cool Waters
Food and Food thickeners (Algins)

68. Green Algae: Yeah, You Guessed it, The Green Ones
Most live in fresh water
Can be unicellular or multicellular
Live alone or in groups called colonies

71. Closing
Why is it important to educate the public about such events, like Red Tide?
Educate your parents about red tide when you go home today

72. Fungus-like Protists

73. Characteristics in Common
All form delicate, netlike structures on the surface of their food source
Obtain energy by decomposing organic material

75. Slime Molds Water Molds & Downy Mildews
Fungus-like Protists
Slime Molds
Water Molds & Downy Mildews

76. Characteristics Most have cell walls Heterotrophs
Most are single-celled

77. Slime Molds
Live in cool moist, shady places where they grow on damp, organic matter
Reproduce with the production of a fruiting body that contains spores

78. Slime Molds Some form into an enormous cell
Some come together an behave like a multicellular organism

79. Slime Molds continued…
May reach more than a meter in diameter
Form reproductive structures when surroundings dry up
Spores are dispersed by the wind and grow into new cells

86. Water Molds and Downy Mildews
Live in water or moist places
Feed on dead organisms or parasitize plants
Fuzzy white growths

88. Photos

89. How have they affected us?
Great Potato Famine in Ireland ( )
Attack other crops
Cabbage
Corn
Grapes
Cause disease in aquarium fish

90. Read the Articles
Answer the questions for each article in your notebooks
They are located on your desk

91. How have they affected us?
The Oomycota species Phytophthora infestans caused the Great Potato Famine that killed nearly a million people in Ireland in 1845–1846. The water mold virtually wiped out the country’s potato crops, which were an essential staple in the Irish diet (sometimes the only food on the table.)
In addition to widespread starvation and malnutrition, the potato blight led more than 1.5 million Irish to flee the country. Because nearly all of the country’s potato crops were clones of a few original imports from South America, they had no natural ability to resist the pathogen.

92. Continued
Another water mold nearly wiped out the entire French wine industry. Plasmopara viticol (also known as downy mildew of grapes) was brought to Europe in the late 1870s on vines from America meant to be bred with French vines in hopes of yielding hybrids with a greater ability to ward off attacks by aphids.
The infestation led to the use of the first fungicide, a mixture of copper sulfate and lime, which became known as the Bordeaux mixture for its role in saving the French vines.

95. IRISH POTATO FAMINE http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rjtkRfsZUck

96. Activity
Educated the public about red tide, brain-eating amoeba, or malaria
Must contain three facts about protists
Show its affects on humans and animals
Poster, Poem, Drawing, Paragraph, Story, Song, etc…..

97. That’s All