1. Imperialism
Political, military, and economic domination of stronger nations over weaker territories
To obtain colonies for the purpose of markets/raw materials
US time period

2. CAUSES FOR IMPERIALISM
Business and commercial interests
Military and strategic interests
Social Darwinist thinking- applied to imperialism – referred to as the “White Man’s Burden”- spread of Democracy and Christianity
Missionary and religious interests
Frederick Jackson Turner- American Historian in favor of imperialism – new territories allowed for more opportunity now that the frontier was closing in.

3. Economic benefits of imperialism
Colonies provided raw materials and natural resources
Rubber, sugar, tea, iron, petroleum, & timber

4. Types of Imperialism
Sphere of Influence– an area which an outside power claimed exclusive investment/economic interest or trading rights.
Protectorate—an area where local rulers were left in place but were expected to follow the advice of the dominated outside powers
Colony—An area ruled directly by a dominate outside power.

5. ALFRED T. MAHAN He was a military historian and U.S. Navy officer
The Influence of Sea Power Upon History – emphasized the need for a strong navy, a canal across the isthmus, and to acquire Hawaii and other islands in the Pacific
Used the quote – “He who controlled the seas controlled the world”

6. The Influence of Sea Power
He advocated establishing foreign bases in Cuba, Hawaii, and the Philippines
Places for ships to refuel and resupply
U.S. expanded and updated Navy
Built steel-plated and steam-powered battleships like the U.S.S. Maine
U.S. Navy—3rd largest world navy by 1900

7. “Seward’s Folly”/ “Seward’s Ice Box”: 1867
US purchase of Alaska from Russia for 7.2 million
Thought to be a mistake but turned out to be profitable with the oil wealth that the area possessed.

8. U. S. Missionaries in Hawaii
Imiola Church – first built in the late 1820s

9. U. S. View of Hawaiians
Hawaii becomes a U. S. Protectorate in by virtue of economic treaties.

10. Hawaiian Queen Liliuokalani
Ruler of Hawaii started Hawaii for the Hawaiians!

11. U. S. Business Interests In Hawaii
1893 – American businessmen backed an uprising against Queen Liliuokalani.
Sanford Ballard Dole proclaims the Republic of Hawaii in 1894.

12. To The Victor Belongs the Spoils
Hawaiian Annexation Ceremony, 1898

13. Josiah Strong
Minister that advocated white man’s burden idea- based on Social Darwinism
The US role was to right the wrongs.
Educate and Christianize
Later apologized for racist imperialism

14. Spanish-American War

15. Causes of the Spanish American War
Yellow Journalism – Exaggeration of stories- used by newspapers to sell
Main newspapers involved were the New York World owned by Joseph Pulitzer and the New York Journal owned by William Randolph Hearst.
Jingoism- Extreme and aggressive form of nationalism

16. Causes of the Spanish American War
U.S.S. Maine
was stationed at the Havana harbor to protect American citizens in Cuba
Sank mysteriously and the US blamed the Spanish
266 Americans died
“Remember the Maine!” became the battle cry for the Spanish American War

17. De Lôme Letter Dupuy de Lôme, Spanish Ambassador to the U.S.
It was intercepted and published in newspapers- calling President McKinley “a weak and stupid politician”

18. Theodore Roosevelt
Assistant Secretary of the Navy in the McKinley administration.
Imperialist and American nationalist.
Criticized President McKinley as having the backbone of a chocolate éclair!
Resigns his position to fight in Cuba.

19. “Remember the Maine!”
April 11, 1898 McKinley asked Congress to declare war
Offered 4 reasons for the US to intervene
“put an end to the horrible miseries in Cuba”
Protect the lives and property of US Citizens living in Cuba
End injury to American Trade
End the “constant menace to American Peace”

20. Teller Amendment Passed to promise Cuba the US would not take over
Congress will only help Cuba gain independence
American presence will end with the conflict

21. The Spanish-American War (1898): “That Splendid Little War”

22. The “Rough Riders”
First US volunteer cavalry led by TR; Gained fame for their assault on San Juan and Kettles Hills

23. The Spanish-American War (1898): “That Splendid Little War”

24. Dewey Captures Manila!

25. Emilio Aguinaldo Leader of the Filipino Revolution
Helped Dewey and American forces on the line
Important in fighting Spain

26. Puerto Rico US used the War to kick out the Spanish from Puerto Rico
Once present in PR never left

27. The Treaty of Paris: 1898 Cuba received independence from Spain.
Spain gave up the colonies Puerto Rico, Philippines and the island of Guam to the US.
The U. S. becomes an imperial power!

28. The American Anti-Imperialist League
Founded in 1899.
Mark Twain, Andrew Carnegie, William James, and William Jennings Bryan among the leaders.
Campaigned against the annexation of the Philippines and other acts of imperialism.

29. Cuban Independence Teller Amendment (1898) Platt Amendment (1903)
Cuba was not to enter into any agreements with foreign powers that would endanger its independence.
The U.S. could intervene in Cuban affairs if necessary to maintain an efficient, independent govt.
Cuba must lease Guantanamo Bay to the U.S. for naval and coaling station.
Cuba must not build up an excessive public debt.

30. China

31. The Open Door Policy Secretary John Hay.
Give all nations equal access to trade in China. Concerned it would become a Sphere of Influences by European Countries
Guaranteed that China would NOT be taken over by any one foreign power
Came after the Boxer Rebellion- an attempt to drive foreign influence out of China- failed

32. The Open Door Policy

33. Panama

34. Panama Canal Panama was chosen but it was a colony of Columbia
the US encouraged the Panamanians to revolt
Once Panama gained independence gave approval for Panama Canal

35. TR in Panama (Construction begins in 1904)
Panama Canal
TR in Panama (Construction begins in 1904)

36. Foreign Policies of Progressive and Imperialistic Presidents

37. The Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine: 1905
“Chronic wrongdoing… may in America, as elsewhere, ultimately require intervention by some civilized nation, and in the Western Hemisphere the adherence of the United States to the Monroe Doctrine may force the United States, however reluctantly, in flagrant cases of such wrongdoing or impotence, to the exercise of an international police power.”

38. Big Stick Diplomacy: Speak Softly, But Carry a Big Stick!

39. America as a Pacific Power

40. America's
New
Role

41. Constable of the World

42. The Great White Fleet: 1907

43. Taft’s “Dollar Diplomacy”
Improve financial opportunities for American businesses.
Use private capital to further U. S. interests overseas.
Therefore, the U.S. should create stability and order abroad that would best promote America’s commercial interests.

44. Wilson’s “Moral Diplomacy”
The U. S. should be the conscience of the world.
Spread democracy.
Promote peace.
Only recognize democratic governments
Condemn colonialism.

45. Political Cartoons Cartoon #1- Who is Uncle Sam’s waiter?
What is on the menu or bill or fare?
What was the cartoonist’s point about the attitudes of the US in 1898?

46. Cartoon #2
What was the club of the policeman? What policy does this refer to?
Who is the policeman or constable in this cartoon?
Who is the policeman threatening?

47. Cartoon #3 Who is the large figure in the cartoon?
What is he building?
Where is he throwing the dirt? Why?