1. Virtual Cluster Development Environment
Presented by
S.THAMARAI SELVI
PROFESSOR
DEPT. OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
MADRAS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
CHROMEPET, CHENNAI
Open Source Grid and Cluster Conference-2008
at OAKLAND on
9/18/2018
Open Source Grid & Cluster 2008 by S.T.Selvi-MIT, Anna University, India

2. Agenda Virtualization Xen Machines VCDE overview VCDE Architecture
VCDE Component details
Conclusion
9/18/2018
Open Source Grid & Cluster 2008 by S.T.Selvi-MIT, Anna University, India

3. Virtualization
Virtualization is a framework or methodology of dividing the resources of a computer into multiple execution environments, by applying one or more concepts or technologies such as hardware and software partitioning, time-sharing, partial or complete machine simulation, emulation, quality of service, and many others.
Source
It allows you to run multiple operating systems simultaneously on a single machine
9/18/2018
Open Source Grid & Cluster 2008 by S.T.Selvi-MIT, Anna University, India

4. Need for Virtualization
Integrates fragmented resources
Isolation across VMs - Security
Resource Provisioning
Dynamic Configuration
Efficient Resource Utilization
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Open Source Grid & Cluster 2008 by S.T.Selvi-MIT, Anna University, India

5. Hypervisor - The hypervisor is the most basic virtualization component
Hypervisor - The hypervisor is the most basic virtualization component. It's the software that decouples the operating system and applications from their physical resources. A hypervisor has its own kernel and it's installed directly on the hardware, or "bare metal." It is, almost literally, inserted between the hardware and the Guest OS.
Virtual Machine - A virtual machine (VM) is a self-contained operating environment—software that works with, but is independent of, a host operating system. In other words, it's a platform-independent software implementation of a CPU that runs compiled code.
The VMs must be written specifically for the OSes on which they run. Virtualization technologies are sometimes called dynamic virtual machine software.
9/18/2018
Open Source Grid & Cluster 2008 by S.T.Selvi-MIT, Anna University, India

6. Virtual Machines
“A system VM provides a complete, persistent system environment that supports an operating system along with its many user processes. It provides the guest operating system with access to virtual hardware resources, including networking, I/O, and perhaps a graphical usser interface along wiith a processor and memory.”
Source: Architecture of Virtual Machines, Smith & Nair, Computer,, May 2005,, pp 32-38
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Open Source Grid & Cluster 2008 by S.T.Selvi-MIT, Anna University, India

7. Paravirtualization
It is a type of virtualization in which the entire OS runs on top of the hypervisor and communicates with it directly, typically resulting in better performance. The kernels of both the OS and the hypervisor must be modified, however, to accommodate this close interaction.
Ex. Xen Machine
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Open Source Grid & Cluster 2008 by S.T.Selvi-MIT, Anna University, India

8. Xen
Xen is an open-source Virtual Machine Monitor or Hypervisor for both 32- and 64-bit processor architectures. It runs as software directly on top of the bare-metal, physical hardware and enables you to run several virtual guest operating systems on the same host computer at the same time. The virtual machines are executed securely and efficiently with near-native performance.
9/18/2018
Open Source Grid & Cluster 2008 by S.T.Selvi-MIT, Anna University, India

9. Xen Hypervisor (VMM) sits on top of H//W
Ported to Linux/FreeBSD/NetBSD
Hosted OS kernel modification required
Near- native performance
Highly scalable
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Open Source Grid & Cluster 2008 by S.T.Selvi-MIT, Anna University, India

10. Xen Source: http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/netos/papers/2003xensosp.pdf, p5
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Open Source Grid & Cluster 2008 by S.T.Selvi-MIT, Anna University, India

11. Grid Enabled Resources
Grid Context
Users
Job submission
Portal / CLI
Resource Broker
Maps to Physical resources
Grid Enabled Resources
PBS cluster
SGE cluster
LSFcluster
Torque cluster C3 C4 C2 C1
Physical Resources
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Open Source Grid & Cluster 2008 by S.T.Selvi-MIT, Anna University, India

12. In our context … … Cluster Head Node 9/18/2018
Open Source Grid & Cluster 2008 by S.T.Selvi-MIT, Anna University, India

13. VCDE - Objectives
Design and Development of Virtual Cluster Development Environment for Grids using Xen machines
The remote deployment of Grid environment to execute any application written in parallel or sequential application has been automated by VCDE
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Open Source Grid & Cluster 2008 by S.T.Selvi-MIT, Anna University, India

14. VCDE Architecture
JOB SUBMISSION PORTAL
GLOBUS CONTAINER
VIRTUAL CLUSTER SERVICE
VIRTUAL INFORMATION SERVICE
NETWORK
MANAGER
VIRTUAL
CLUSTER
SERVER IP
USER
POOL
POOL
SECURITY
SERVER
CLUSTER HEAD NODE
JOB
STATUS
SERVICE
RESOURCE
AGGREGATOR
HOST
POOL
SCHEDULER
DISPATCHER
MATCH
MAKER
JOB
POOL
VIRTUAL CLUSTER
MANAGER
EXECUTOR
MODULE
TRANSFER
MODULE
VIRTUAL CLUSTER DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMET
VIRTUAL MACHINE
CREATOR
VIRTUAL MACHINE
CREATOR
VIRTUAL MACHINE
CREATOR
COMPUTENODE 1
COMPUTENODE 2
COMPUTENODE n
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Open Source Grid & Cluster 2008 by S.T.Selvi-MIT, Anna University, India

15. The VCDE Components
Virtual cluster service and Virtual information service
Virtual cluster server
User pool
Job status service
Job pool
Network service
Resource Aggregator
Dispatcher
Match maker
Host pool
Virtual Cluster Manager
Executor
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Open Source Grid & Cluster 2008 by S.T.Selvi-MIT, Anna University, India

16. Globus Toolkit Services
Two custom services are developed and deployed in Globus tool kit and running as virtual workspace, the underlying virtual machine is based on Xen VMM.
Virtual cluster service which is used to create Virtual Clusters
Virtual information service which is used to know the status of virtual resources.
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Open Source Grid & Cluster 2008 by S.T.Selvi-MIT, Anna University, India

17. Job Submission client
This component is responsible getting the user requirements for the creation of virtual cluster.
When the user is accessing the Virtual Cluster Service the user’s identity is verified using grid-map file. The Virtual Cluster Service contacts the Virtual Cluster Development Environment (VCDE) to create and configure the Virtual Cluster.
The inputs are type of Os, disk size, Host name etc.
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Open Source Grid & Cluster 2008 by S.T.Selvi-MIT, Anna University, India

18. Virtual Cluster Service (VCS)
It is the central or core part of the Virtual Cluster Development Environment. The Virtual Cluster Service contacts the VCDE for virtual machine creation. The Virtual Cluster Server maintains the Dispatcher, Network Manager, Resource Aggregator, User Manager, and Job Queue.
9/18/2018
Open Source Grid & Cluster 2008 by S.T.Selvi-MIT, Anna University, India

19. Resource Aggregator
This module fetches all the resource information from physical cluster and these information are updated periodically to the Host Pool.
The Host Pool maintains the Head and Compute node’s logical volume partition, logical volume disk space total and free, ram size total and free, Kernel type, gateway, broadcast address, network address, netmask etc.
9/18/2018
Open Source Grid & Cluster 2008 by S.T.Selvi-MIT, Anna University, India

20. Match Maker
The Match Making process compares the User’s requirements with the physical resource availability.
The physical resource information such as Disk space, RamSizeFree, Kernel Version, Operating Systems are gathered from the resource aggregator via virtual cluster server module.
In this module the rank of matched host is calculated by using RamSizeFree and disk space.
The details are returned as Hashtable with hostname and rank and send it to the UserServiceThread.
9/18/2018
Open Source Grid & Cluster 2008 by S.T.Selvi-MIT, Anna University, India

21. Host, User and Job pools
Host pool gets the list of hosts form the information aggregator and identifies the list of free nodes in order to create virtual machines on the physical nodes.
User pool is responsible for maintaining the list of authorized users. It also has the facility to allow which users are allowed to create the virtual execution environment. We can also limit the number of jobs for each user.
Job pool maintains a user request as jobs in Queue from the user manager module. It processes the user request one by one for the dispatcher module to the input for match maker module
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Open Source Grid & Cluster 2008 by S.T.Selvi-MIT, Anna University, India

22. Job Status
Job Status service accesses the Job Pool through VCDE Server and displays the virtual cluster status and job status dynamically.
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Open Source Grid & Cluster 2008 by S.T.Selvi-MIT, Anna University, India

23. Dispatcher
Dispatcher is invoked when the job is submitted to the Virtual Cluster Server. The Dispatcher module gets the job requirements and updates in the job pool with job id. After that, the dispatcher sends the job to match making module with user's Requirements available in the host pool.
The matched hosts are identified and the ranks for the matched resources are computed.
The rank is calculated based on the free ramsize. The resource which has more free ramsize gets the highest rank.
9/18/2018
Open Source Grid & Cluster 2008 by S.T.Selvi-MIT, Anna University, India

24. Scheduler
The Scheduler module is invoked after the matching host list is generated by the match making module.
The resources are ordered based on the rank. The node having the highest rank is considered as the Head node for the Virtual Clusters.
Virtual machines are created as compute nodes from the matched host list and the list of these resources are sent to Dispatcher Module.
9/18/2018
Open Source Grid & Cluster 2008 by S.T.Selvi-MIT, Anna University, India

25. Virtual Cluster Manager
Virtual Cluster Manager Module (VCM) is implemented by using the Round-Robin Algorithm. Based on the user’s node count, VCM creates the first node as the head node and others as compute nodes.
The VCM waits until it receives the message on successful creation of Virtual Cluster and the completion software installation.
9/18/2018
Open Source Grid & Cluster 2008 by S.T.Selvi-MIT, Anna University, India

26. Virtual Machine Creator
The two main functions of the virtual machine creator are
Updating Resource Information and
Creation of Virtual Machines
The resource information viz., hostname, OS, Architecture, Kernel Version, Ram disk, Logical Volume device, Ram Size, Broadcast Address, Net mask, Network Address and Gateway Addresses are getting updated in the host pool through VCS.
Based the message received from the Virtual Cluster Manager it starts to create the virtual machines.
If the message received from the VCM is “Head Node”, it starts to create the Virtual Cluster Head Node with required software
else if the message received from the Virtual Cluster Manager is “Client Node”, it creates the compute node with minimal software.
9/18/2018
Open Source Grid & Cluster 2008 by S.T.Selvi-MIT, Anna University, India

27. Automation of GT
Prerequisite software for the Globus installation has been automated.
The required softwares are
JDK
Ant
Tomcat web server
Junit
Torque
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Open Source Grid & Cluster 2008 by S.T.Selvi-MIT, Anna University, India

28. Automation of GT
All the steps required for the Globus installation also been automated.
Globus package installation
Configurations like SimpleCA, RFT and other services.
9/18/2018
Open Source Grid & Cluster 2008 by S.T.Selvi-MIT, Anna University, India

29. Security Server
The Security Server is to perform mutual authentication dynamically.
When the Virtual Cluster installation and configuration is completed, the Security client running in the virtual cluster head node sends the certificate file, signing policy file and the user's identity to the Security server running in VCS.
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Open Source Grid & Cluster 2008 by S.T.Selvi-MIT, Anna University, India

30. Executor Module
After the formation of virtual clusters, the executor module is invoked.
This module fetches the job information from the job pool and creates RSL file and contacts the Virtual Cluster Head Node’s Job Managed Factory Service and submits this job description RSL file. It gets the job status and updates the same in the job pool.
9/18/2018
Open Source Grid & Cluster 2008 by S.T.Selvi-MIT, Anna University, India

31. Transfer Module
The job executable, input files and RSL file are transferred using the transfer manager to the Virtual Cluster Head Node.
After the execution of the job, the output file is transferred to the head node of the physical cluster.
9/18/2018
Open Source Grid & Cluster 2008 by S.T.Selvi-MIT, Anna University, India

32. Virtual Information Service
The resource information server fetches the Xen Hypervisor status, hostname, operating system, privileged domain id and name, Kernel Version, Ramdisk, Logical Volume Space, Total and Free Memory, Ram Size details, Network related information and the details of the created virtual cluster.
9/18/2018
Open Source Grid & Cluster 2008 by S.T.Selvi-MIT, Anna University, India

33. VCDE Architecture
JOB SUBMISSION PORTAL
GLOBUS CONTAINER
VIRTUAL CLUSTER SERVICE
VIRTUAL INFORMATION SERVICE
NETWORK
MANAGER
VIRTUAL
CLUSTER
SERVER IP
USER
POOL
POOL
SECURITY
SERVER
CLUSTER HEAD NODE
JOB
STATUS
SERVICE
RESOURCE
AGGREGATOR
HOST
POOL
SCHEDULER
DISPATCHER
MATCH
MAKER
JOB
POOL
VIRTUAL CLUSTER DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMET
VIRTUAL CLUSTER
MANAGER
EXECUTOR
MODULE
TRANSFER
MODULE
VIRTUAL MACHINE
CREATOR
VIRTUAL MACHINE
CREATOR
VIRTUAL MACHINE
CREATOR
VIRTUAL
HEAD
NODE
VIRTUAL
COMPUTE
NODE 1
VIRTUAL
COMPUTE
NODE n
VIRTUALCLUSTER
COMPUTENODE 1
COMPUTENODE 2
COMPUTENODE n
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Open Source Grid & Cluster 2008 by S.T.Selvi-MIT, Anna University, India

34. VIRTUAL CLUSTER FORMATION
Fedora
4 nodes
512 MB
10 GB
Fedora
4 nodes
512 MB
10 GB
VCDE
SERVER
VM CREATOR
VM CREATOR
VM CREATOR
VM CREATOR
Ethernet
HEAD
NODE
SLAVE
NODE 1
SLAVE
NODE 2
SLAVE
NODE 3
VIRTUAL CLUSTER
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Open Source Grid & Cluster 2008 by S.T.Selvi-MIT, Anna University, India

35. Image Constituents Node Type Image Size VM Image Constituents
Head Node
2.0 GB file system image
Fedora Core 4
GT4.0.1 Binary Installer
Jdk1.6
Apache Ant 1.6
PostgreSQL 7.4
Torque-1.2.0
Mpich-1.2.6
Junit-3.8.1
Jakarta-tomcat
FASTA Application and
Nucleotide sequence database
Compute Node
1.0 GB file system image
Fedora core 4
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Open Source Grid & Cluster 2008 by S.T.Selvi-MIT, Anna University, India

36. Experimental Setup
In our testbed, We have created the physical cluster with four nodes, one Head Node and three compute nodes.
The operating system in the head node is Scientific Linux 4.0 with
2.6 Kernel
Xen 3.0.2,
GT4.0.5
VCDE Server and VCDE Scheduler
In the compute node, VM Creator is the only module running.
9/18/2018
Open Source Grid & Cluster 2008 by S.T.Selvi-MIT, Anna University, India

37. Conclusion VCDE has been implemented for a single cluster
The VCDE (Virtual Cluster Development Environment) has been designed and developed for creating virtual clusters automatically to satisfy the requirements of the users.
There is no human intervention in the process of creating the virtual execution environment. The complete automation takes more time, so in the near future, the performance of the VCDE will be improved
VCDE has been implemented for a single cluster
It has to be extended for multiple clusters by considering the meta scheduler.
9/18/2018
Open Source Grid & Cluster 2008 by S.T.Selvi-MIT, Anna University, India

38. References
1. Foster, I., C. Kesselman, J. Nick, and S. Tuecke, “The Physiology of the Grid: An Open Grid Services Architecture for Distributed Systems Integration”, 2002: Open Grid Service Infrastructure WG, Global Grid Forum.
2. Foster, I., C. Kesselman, and S. Tuecke, “The Anatomy of the Grid: Enabling Scalable Virtual Organizations”, International Journal of Supercomputer Applications, (3): p
3. Goldberg, R., “Survey of Virtual Machine Research” , IEEE Computer, (6): p
4. Keahey, K., I. Foster, T. Freeman, X. Zhang, and D. Galron, “Virtual Workspaces in the
Grid”, ANL/MCS-P , 2005.
5. Figueiredo, R., P. Dinda, and J. Fortes, "A Case for Grid Computing on Virtual Machines”, 23rd International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems
6. Reed, D., I. Pratt, P. Menage, S. Early, and N. Stratford, “Xenoservers: Accountable Execution of Untrusted Programs”, 7th Workshop on Hot Topics in Operating Systems,1999. Rio Rico, AZ: IEEE Computer Society Press.
7. Barham, P., B. Dragovic, K. Fraser, S. Hand, T. Harris, A. Ho, R. Neugebar, I. Pratt, and A. Warfield, “Xen and the Art of Virtualization”, ACM Symposium on Operating Systems Principles (SOSP).
8. Sugerman, J., G. Venkitachalan, and B.H. Lim, “Virtualizing I/O devices on VMware workstation's hosted virtual machine monitor”, USENIX Annual Technical Conference, 2001.
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Open Source Grid & Cluster 2008 by S.T.Selvi-MIT, Anna University, India

39. References continued…
9. Adabala, S., V. Chadha, P. Chawla, R. Figueiredo, J. Fortes, I. Krsul, A. Matsunaga, M. Tsugawa, J. Zhang, M. Zhao, L. Zhu, and X. Zhu, “From Virtualized Resources to Virtual Computing Grids”, The In-VIGO System, Future Generation Computer Systems, 2004.
10. Sundararaj, A. and P. Dinda,” Towards Virtual Networks for Virtual Machine Grid Computing”, 3rd USENIX Conference on Virtual Machine Technology, 2004.
11. Jiang, X. and D. Xu, “VIOLIN: Virtual Internetworking on OverLay Infrastructure”, Department of Computer Sciences Technical Report CSD TR , Purdue University, 2003.
12. Keahey, K., I. Foster, T. Freeman, X. Zhang, and D. Galron, “Virtual Workspaces in the Grid”, Europar. 2005, Lisbon, Portugal.
13. Keahey, K., I. Foster, T. Freeman, and X. Zhang, “Virtual Workspaces: Achieving Quality of Service and Quality of Life in the Grid”, Scientific Progamming Journal, 2005.
14. I.Foster, T. Freeman, K.Keahey, D.Scheftner, B.Sotomayor, X.Zhang, “Virtual Clusters for Grid Communities”, CCGRID 2006, Singapore (2006)
15. T. Freeman, K. Keahey, “Flying Low: Simple Leases with Workspace Pilot”, Euro-Par 2008.
16. Keahey, K., T. Freeman, J. Lauret, D. Olson, “Virtual Workspaces for Scientific Applications” , SciDAC 2007 Conference, Boston, MA, June 2007
17. Sotomayor, B. Masters paper, “ A Resource Management Model for VM-Based Virtual Workspaces” ,University of Chicago, February 2007
18. Bradshaw, R., N. Desai, T. Freeman, K. Keahey, “A Scalable Approach To Deploying And Managing Appliances” , TeraGrid 2007, Madison, WI, June 2007
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Open Source Grid & Cluster 2008 by S.T.Selvi-MIT, Anna University, India

40. Q & A Q U E S T I O N S A N S W E R S 9/18/2018
Open Source Grid & Cluster 2008 by S.T.Selvi-MIT, Anna University, India

41. Thank you all Thank you all Work Hard Think High 9/18/2018
Open Source Grid & Cluster 2008 by S.T.Selvi-MIT, Anna University, India