1. The American Pageant Chapter 12
Cover Slide
The American Pageant
Chapter 12
The Second War for Independence and the Upsurge of Nationalism,
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

2. Post War Nationalism - Causes
Americans coming to regard themselves as Americans first and state citizens second

3. Henry Clay’s “American System”
Key Elements

4. The Era of Good Feelings???
The Panic of 1819
The Settlement of the West
The Missouri Compromise (1820)

5. Second National Bank Voted by Congress in 1816
Lack of national back hurt war effort
Local banks flooded country w/ depreciated bank notes
Modeled after the first National Bank
3 1/2 times more capital: $35 mil.
Jeffersonians supported the revived bank
Used same arguments as Hamilton in 1791
Ironically, Federalists called it unconstitutional

6. Tariff of 1816 Purpose: protection of US manufacturing
After the war, Brits flooded U.S. with cheap goods, often below cost
First protective tariff in U.S. History
Sectional battle over the tariff b/w:
John C. Calhoun
Daniel Webster
Henry Clay

7. Internal Improvements
Failure
Madison & Monroe vetoed I.I. bills
Jeffersonians hated idea of direct federal support of intrastate internal improvements
Viewed I.I. as a states’ rights issue
New England opposed federally constructed roads & canals
Prior to Civil War, most internal improvements (except railroads) were done at the expense of state and local governments

8. The Panic of 1819 - Causes Overspeculation on frontier lands by banks
Inflation from 1812 war
Post-war economic drop-off
Significant trade deficit with Britain
BUS forced "wildcat" western banks to foreclose on western farms
Consequences
Demands for banking reform
Western farmers see bank as a monster
Beginnings of Jacksonian Democracy

9. The Settlement of the West
Cheap lands attracted many European immigrants
Land exhaustion in older tobacco states
Speculators accepted small down payments
Economic distress from embargo
Defeat of Indians
Transportation Revolution

10. The Missouri Compromise, 1820-1821
Missouri Admitted to the Union as a Slave State
Maine Admitted as a Free State
Slavery Prohibited north of the 36o 30’ line

11. The Missouri Compromise, 1820-1821
Role of Henry Clay
Provisions
Legacy of the Compromise

12. Foreign Affairs under Monroe
Role of John Quincy Adams
Canada
Florida
The Monroe Doctrine

13. The “Corrupt Bargain” of 1824
Candidates:
Role of Clay

14. Presidency of John Q. Adams
One of the least successful Presidents
Had No Mandate
Hated spoils system
Sectionalism, Partisanship increased
Jeffersonian Republican party fractured

15. The Economic Revolution of the Early 1800s
Early Railroads and Canals
Beginnings of the Factory System
Early Labor Movement
Social Mobility / Extremes of Wealth
The Cotton Revolution in the South
Commercial Agriculture

16. John Marshall and Judicial Nationalism
Strengthened the Supreme Court
Increased power of the federal government over the states
Checked excesses of popularly elected state govts
Decisions at times un-democratic
Examined cases from a Federalist view
Jeffersonian Republicans came to accept the Federalist ideal of strong central gov't
Daniel Webster a “ghost writer” for Marshall

17. Key Cases of the Marshall Court
Marbury v. Madison (1803)
Fletcher v. Peck (1810)
Martin v. Hunter’s Lessee (1816)
McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)
Dartmouth College v. Woodward (1819)
Cohens v. Virginia (1821)
Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)

18. THE END