1. The Age of Exploration

2. Introduction Questions
What things make people curious?
What do most people desire?
How do you think the Renaissance led to the Age of Exploration (when explorers like Columbus began to discover the world)

3. China Explores First
Zheng He ( )-Chinese admiral who was sent to explore during the Ming Dynasty.
Seven voyages (very long journeys)
Huge ships
Several men accompanied him
Explored Southeast Asia and Eastern Africa to spread China’s culture.

4. For “God, Glory, and Gold” (3 G’s)
European nations and kings wanted wealth and power
Needed new sources of wealth through trade routes directly to Asia
The spread of Christianity
New sailing technology made exploration possible
The Caravel (Ship)
The Lateen Sail (Triangular)
Astrolabe (figures latitude/longitude)
Compass
Improved Cartography (maps)

5. Europeans Compete
Vasco da Gama (Portugal)-the first European to sail around the tip of Africa to Asia
Christopher Columbus (Spain)-1492 sailed west landing in the Caribbean.
Started establishing colonies, or lands controlled by another nation.
Later, more Europeans explored the New World

6. Portugal Leads the Way In Europe
Prince Henry the Navigator ( )-established a sailing school
Portuguese sailors explored the coast of West Africa for gold and ivory.
Vasco da Gama-From he sailed around the tip of Africa to India (27,000 miles)
Gave Europeans a direct route to Asia

7. Portugal and Spain Compete
Christopher Columbus-1492 sailed west landing in the Caribbean.
Portugal and Spain quickly created colonies in the “New World.”
New World-North and South America Spain-Most of Central America, Caribbean, Florida, and South America
Portugal-Mainly Brazil
Treaty of Tordesillas (1494)-line that divided Spain and Portugal’s claims.

8. Geography-4/14
What were the 3 main reasons Europeans were exploring the New World?
Where did Columbus actually land? Where did he think he was?
What did the Treaty of Tordesillas do?
What was the only colony in South America that was not Spanish?

9. Native Americans
Native Americans began to decline once Europeans arrived
Spanish and Portuguese took gold and silver
Originally used the Natives as slaves
Thousands died from warfare and/or diseases
Some Natives were mixed into the European culture (Mestizo)

10. The Atlantic Slave Trade
Europeans began transporting slaves from West Africa to Latin America.
Thousands of African slaves were used to work on sugar, tobacco, and cotton plantations
Good were traded to and from Europe, Africa, and the New World (Triangular Trade)
Slaves brought their African culture with them to the Islands and other parts of Latin America
Some Africans mixed with Europeans (Mulatto)

11. Latin America Independence Movements
Caribbean
Haiti ( )
1st Slave uprising
Led by Toussaint L’ Ouverture
Central America
Mexico ( )
Led by 2 priests
Miguel Hidalgo
Jose Maria Morelos
South America
Colombia, Venezuela, Peru, Argentina, Chile, Ecuador ( )
Led by 2 Creole generals
Simon Bolivar (Venezuela)
Jose de San Martin (Argentina)
Brazil (1822)
Bloodless Revolution
Dom Pedro

12. From Independence to Modern-Day Issues
Independence brought many issues politically and economically
Political corruption
Fidel Castro (Cuba)
Hugo Chavez (Venezuela)
Extreme poverty
High crime rate
Drug trafficking
Mexico (El Chapo)
Colombia (Pablo Escobar)
Cartels-organization that works to control drug trade in an area

13. Geography-4/15 What is the main religion in Latin America? Why?
What is a Mestizo?
What is a Mulatto?
What do you notice about the people on the Brazilian and Honduras soccer team?

14. France
European nations such as France began to compete in North America.
Jacques Cartier (1534)-
Reached eastern coast of Canada
Sailed down river he named the St. Lawrence
Named Montreal
Samuel de Champlain (1608)-
Sailed up the St. Lawrence
Founded Quebec, the capital of New France
Jacques Marquette (1673)-explored Great Lakes area
Sieur de La Salle (1683)-Louisiana

15. England (A.K.A The British)
As the French looked to trade, the English looked to settle land.
John Smith (1607)-settled Jamestown, Virginia (1st English Settlement in N.A)
James Cook ( )-explored & claimed Australia and New Zealand.

16. Netherlands (The Dutch)
Henry Hudson (1609)-explored the area around the Hudson River in New York and the Hudson Bay.
The Dutch established a fur trade with the Iroquois Indians around New York
Dutch claims in North America were called New Netherland.
Later, the English forced the Dutch to surrender New Netherland, renaming it New York.

17. The Atlantic Slave Trade
As the Americas and Caribbean were being settled, slave labor was needed.
Cash Crops-sugar, cotton, and tobacco
Huge plantations were created
Slaves from Africa were cheap labor.
Millions of slaves were traded and transported to the New World
Triangular Trade-trade network between West Indies/Americas, Europe, and Africa
The Middle Passage-journey on ships from Africa to West Indies for slaves

18. The Columbian Exchange
Global transfer of foods, plants, and animals to and from the New World.
As trade increased and merchants got rich, capitalism developed
Joint-Stock Companies-allowed Europeans to invest in colonization
Mercantilism-economic theory of Europeans that power came with wealth.
Get Gold and Silver
Sell more than buy (Favorable Balance of Trade)
Use Colonies

19. Name this Explorer

20. Name this Explorer

21. Name this Explorer

22. Name this Explorer

23. Geography-4/13
How did Native Americans get to Latin America and where did they come from?
The pictures to the right are called the Nazca Lines in southern Peru. Why would this group of Native Americans create these?
If Native Americans like the Mayans, Aztecs, and Incas (and others before them) ruled Latin America for thousands of years, then why are there only a few left?

24. Geography-4/14
What issues did independence bring to many countries in Latin America?
How is it that there are Mulattoes in Latin America?
What is the most popular sport in Latin America?
What is the main religion in Latin America?
What is the only country that does not speak Spanish in South America?