1. Sentence Structure
Fragments and run-ons

2. What three things does a sentence need to be complete?

3. I love going to a restaurant with friends.
REVIEW
THE SIMPLE SENTENCE
A group of words that contains a SUBJECT and a VERB is called a CLAUSE.
A sentence that has one independent clause is known as a SIMPLE SENTENCE.
All sentences must have at least one INDEPENDENT CLAUSE.
Tom laughed.
I love going to a restaurant with friends.

4. fragments
A sentence fragment is an incomplete sentence: that is, it is missing a Subject, Verb, or Complete Thought.
Remember: there is difference between academic and casual English.
Be right back
Good idea
LOL

5. TRICKY SUBJECTS COMMANDS
In a command, the subject is suggested rather than stated. It is addressed to someone who is not actually part of the sentence structure.
[ You] Go hide in your room.
Finish looking for water in that store.
Get to bed.
NOTE: Commands do not generally appear in academic writing, but it is important to understand this rule

6. Which ones are sentences and which ones are fragments?
The computer with the broken screen next to my spice rack.
Happy to hear from you.
Consider the alternatives.
About today’s meeting.
After driving three days.
Cornered, the raccoon attacked.
She quit.
No problem.
The fancy black tie ball, the one where Jenny danced like a crazy person for hours, held last night in the old legion own by the Volvo dealership.

7. COMPOUND SENTENCES COMPOUND SENTENCES
Compound Sentences are two simple sentences that can stand on their own but are joined for flow, clarity, relevance or comparison. Compound sentences contain (at least) two independent clauses.
Basketball is my favourite sport; I watch football too.
I am trying to quit smoking, so I left my lighter at home.
They will be here soon, and Jennifer said they picked up some pizzas.

8. FORMING COMPOUND SENTENCES
In a compound sentence, the two independent clauses MUST be joined together in one of two ways:
A comma and a coordinating conjunction
Using only a semi-colon.

9. FORMING COMPOUND SENTENCES
Two Simple Sentences
I am an expert at writing sentences. I also enjoy writing essays.
One Compound Sentence
I am an expert at writing sentences, and I also enjoy writing essays. OR
I am an expert at writing sentences; I also enjoy writing essays.

10. Bad: Johnny is a good guy; the sky is blue.
The Semi-colon
Only use a semi-colon to join to two related Independent Clauses
Don’t over use the semi-colon!
Good: Johnny and Frankie really like each other; they are best friends!
Bad: Johnny is a good guy; the sky is blue.

11. COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
Coordinating conjunctions are special conjunctions that join clauses of equal rank together. Only seven conjunctions have the strength to hold together TWO independent clauses. They are known by the acronym FANBOYS.

12. COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
For
And
Nor
But Or
Yet So

13. Compound Sentences
The office is closed today, it will reopen tomorrow.
I love playing hockey but I’ll never master the game until I learn to skate properly.
Don’t let your worries kill you, let me help.
I need a new monitor for my computer, this one is too small.
That’s the dumbest joke I’ve ever heard, it doesn’t make any sense.
She used her new camera, which is fully automatic and almost foolproof, to take pictures of the opening ceremony at the new student residence.
You’ll love our new bikinis, they are simply the tops!
While you’re vacuuming, don’t forget to clean under the bed, goodness knows what horrors lurk under there!
Smoking is banned in all indoor public spaces in Toronto, some city councillors want to extend the ban to outdoor spaces, such as parks.
Contrast today’s medical care with what patients experienced 20 years ago and you’ll be amazed, “the good old days” weren’t very good at all.

15. Run-On Sentences RUN-ON SENTENCES (RO)
Run-on Sentences occur when two independent clauses are attached without the proper punctuation or FANBOYS.
There are two types of run-on sentences:
Fused Sentences
Comma Splices

16. Run-On Sentences
FUSED SENTENCE
The fused sentence occurs when two independent clauses are joined together without a comma or a semi-colon.
Bad: Joe was happy about the raise he felt like celebrating.
Good: Joe was happy about the raise, and he felt like celebrating.
Good: Joe was happy about the raise; he felt like celebrating.

17. Run-On Sentences
COMMA SPLICE The comma splice occurs when a comma is used without one of the FANBOYS. Joe was happy about the raise, he felt like celebrating.

18. Review: TYPES OF SENTENCES
SIMPLE SENTENCES
One independent clause. A subject and a verb that form one complete idea.
I am going to review my notes everyday.
COMPOUND SENTENCES
Two or more independent clauses, or two or more complete sentences, that are joined for flow and clarity. They are joined with a comma AND a fanboys or a semicolon only.
Many students aren’t studying, but I am going to review my notes everyday.