1. e-Commerce, e-Business, e-Education: Change is the Only Constant
Professor J C Taylor, The University of Southern Queensland, Australia

2. The transition from the Industrial to the Information Age was encapsulated by Dolence and Norris (1995), who argued that to survive organisations would need to change from rigid, formula driven entities to organisations that were “fast, flexible and fluid”.

3. "gales of creative destruction”
Joseph Schumpeter (1934) predicted that every 50 years or so, technological revolutions would cause
"gales of creative destruction”
in which old industries would be swept away and replaced by new ones.

4. TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGES
Steam Power s to the 1840s
The Railways s to the 1890s
Electric Power s to the 1930s
The Motor Car s to the 1980s
Information Technology s to ?

5. PACE OF CHANGE 1. Radio: 50 million users in 38 years 2. Television:
3. The Internet:
50 million users in 5 years
Current prediction:
One billion users by the year 2003

6. Internet commerce will rise from the current level of US$2
Internet commerce will rise from the current level of US$2.6 billion to US$220 billion by the year 2001
(Witts, 1998)

7. 'The death of distance as a determinant of the cost of communications will probably be the single most important economic force shaping society in the first half of the next century'.
Cairncross (1997)

8. “I think there is a world market for maybe five computers”.
GETTING IT WRONG
Thomas Watson, Chairman of IBM, —
“I think there is a world market for maybe five computers”.

9. “There is no reason why anyone would want a computer in their home”.
GETTING IT WRONG
Ken Olsen, Chairman of Digital Equipment Corporation, —
“There is no reason why anyone would want a computer in their home”.

10. GETTING IT WRONG Western Union Internal Memo, 1876 —
“This telephone has too many shortcomings to be seriously considered as a means of communication. The device is inherently of no value to us”.

12. “Everything that can be invented has been invented”.
We need forward looking thinkers like Charles H Duell, Commissioner, US Office of Patents, —
“Everything that can be invented has been invented”.

13. Education must lay the foundation for the success of the global economy.

14. Four Generations of Distance Education Technology
The Correspondence Model
The Multimedia Model
The Telelearning Model
The Flexible Learning Model

15. DELIVERY TECHNOLOGIES CHARACTERISTICS OF DELIVERY TECHNOLOGIES
MODELS OF
DISTANCE EDUCATION
AND ASSOCIATED
DELIVERY TECHNOLOGIES
CHARACTERISTICS OF DELIVERY TECHNOLOGIES
FLEXIBILITY
HIGHLY
REFINED
MATERIALS
ADVANCED
INTERACTIVE
DELIVERY
Time
Place
Pace
FIRST GENERATION-
THE CORRESPONDENCE MODEL
• Print
Yes Yes Yes Yes No

16. CHARACTERISTICS OF DELIVERY TECHNOLOGIES DELIVERY TECHNOLOGIES
MODELS OF
DISTANCE EDUCATION
AND ASSOCIATED
DELIVERY TECHNOLOGIES
FLEXIBILITY
HIGHLY
REFINED
MATERIALS
ADVANCED
INTERACTIVE
DELIVERY
Time
Place
Pace
SECOND GENERATION-
THE MULTIMEDIA MODEL
• Print
• Audiotape
• Videotape
• Computer-based learning
(eg CML/CAL)
• Interactive video
Yes Yes Yes Yes No
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

17. CHARACTERISTICS OF DELIVERY TECHNOLOGIES DELIVERY TECHNOLOGIES
MODELS OF
DISTANCE EDUCATION
AND ASSOCIATED
DELIVERY TECHNOLOGIES
FLEXIBILITY
HIGHLY
REFINED
MATERIALS
ADVANCED
INTERACTIVE
DELIVERY
Time
Place
Pace
THIRD GENERATION-
THE TELELEARNING MODEL
• Audioteleconferencing
• Videoconferencing
• Audiographic Communication
• Broadcast TV/Radio and
Audioteleconferencing
No No No No Yes
No No No Yes
Yes Yes

18. DELIVERY TECHNOLOGIES CHARACTERISTICS OF DELIVERY TECHNOLOGIES
MODELS OF
DISTANCE EDUCATION
AND ASSOCIATED
DELIVERY TECHNOLOGIES
CHARACTERISTICS OF DELIVERY TECHNOLOGIES
FLEXIBILITY
HIGHLY
REFINED
MATERIALS
ADVANCED
INTERACTIVE
DELIVERY
Time
Place
Pace
FOURTH GENERATION-
THE FLEXIBLE LEARNING MODEL
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
• Interactive multimedia (IMM)
• Internet-based access to WWW resources
• Computer mediated communication (CMC)
Yes Yes Yes No Yes

19. Tyranny of distance

20. Existing Predominant Mindsets
Tyranny of Proximity
Tyranny of Futility
Tyranny of Eternity

21. Changing a university is like moving a graveyard -----
it is extremely difficult and you don’t get much internal support.

22. The typical collegiate decision making process:
Deliberation
Documentation
Reflection
Review
Refinement

23. Through consideration by a series of learned groups often including:
A working party
At least one committee
Several Faculty Boards
The Academic Board
The Vice-Chancellor’s Executive Committee
The University Council

24. Change is the only constant.

25. Governments throughout the world are privatising
"The Commanding Heights: The Battle between Government and the Marketplace that is Remaking the Modern World”
Yergin and Stanislaw (1998)
 Not abstract theory, but an …...astonishing empirical phenomenon.

26. Politicians and business leaders have developed a sincere commitment to competition in the free market, which they believe will engender widespread public benefits, including higher quality and more choice at lower cost to the consumer (the student).

27. More courses available online means more competition for fee-paying students and the emergence of the global higher education economy.

28. Examples, telecampus, etc

29. The Global Higher Education Economy
The death of distance
Rapid increase in dual mode institutions
Economic rationalism
User-pays-for-quality-service
Market driven

30. USQ: A Case Study in Organisational Development

31. USQ Established 1967 Moved to “Dual Mode” 1977
ISO 9001 Accreditation 1997
ICDE Institutional Prize of Excellence 1999

32. USQ Faculties Arts Business Commerce Education Engineering & Surveying
Sciences

39. USQ Enrolments by Faculty: 1999
Course Type Off-campus Students
Arts %
Business %
Commerce %
Education %
Engineering & Surveying 73.6%
Sciences %
TOTAL %

40. USQ Organizational Chart

42. Australian Students Queensland 8,343 New South Wales & ACT 1,462
Victoria
Western Australia
South Australia
Northern Territory
Tasmania
Australian’s living overseas 338
TOTAL 10,883

43. Off-Shore Students Malaysia 1,355 Singapore 759 Hong Kong 358
South Africa
Pacific Islands
United Arab Emirates
Thailand
Total, including students from 60 other countries 3,034

44. Nature of USQ’s Off-campus Population: 1999
Students’ Age Total
Under % % % % % % %
Over %
TOTAL %

45. DEC Organizational Structure

46. UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN QUEENSLAND
Instructional
Design Specialist
Subject Matter
Expert(s)
Subject Matter
Moderator
Graphic
Design Specialist
Instructional
Technology
Specialist
Audio-visual
Media Specialist
MULTI - DISCIPLINARY UNIT TEAM
MULTIMEDIA MATERIALS

47. UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN QUEENSLAND
UNIT TEAM APPROACH
“Generator Model”
Subject Matter
Expert(s)
Instructional
Designer
Subject Matter
Moderator
INSTRUCTIONAL BLUEPRINT
INSTRUCTIONAL STRATEGIES PLANNING COMMITTEE
SAMPLE MODULE
TOTAL UNIT DEVELOPMENT

48. Higher Education Provision for the 21st Century
“The transition from the Industrial to the Information Age involves transitions from rigid, formula driven organisations and industrial models to organisations that are fast, flexible, and fluid”
(Dolence & Norris 1995, p.31)

49. ISO 9001: Quality Certification
Courseware design and development
Project management
Audio and video production
Photographic services
Distance learning evaluation
Examination preparation and production
Telecommunications support
Microcomputer support
Systems administration

50. ISO 9001: Quality Certification
Courseware production and distribution
Multimedia development
Graphics design
Instructional design research
Electronic publishing
Student support systems
Technical consultation, installation and repairs
Network design and maintenance
Organizational management

51. ITS Benchmark

54. Management Structure of Online Initiatives
Faculties
Academic Board
Information Infrastructure
and Services Committee
VCC
Online Teaching
Management Committee
Online Systems
Management Committee
Online Marketing
Management Committee

55. 1 Marketing USQOnline - Incentives for staff
2 USQOnline Support Centre
3 USQNet

56. Bretten, Germany

57. 'It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness, it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity, it was the season of Light, it was the season of Darkness, it was the spring of hope, it was the winter of despair, we had everything before us, we had nothing before us, we were all going direct to Heaven, we were all going direct the other way' (Dickens, 1859).

59. Edward Bulwer-Lytton’s notorious opening sentence of his book, Paul Clifford:
“Stanislaus Smedley, a man always on the cutting edge of narcissism, was about to give his body and soul to a back alley sex-change surgeon to become the woman he loved.”