1. Plant Types/ Parts and Functions

2. Plants: Grouped by characteristics
Vascular
Three main parts: roots, stems and leaves
Roots can be different sizes:
Fibrous and tap roots
Storage roots; beets, carrots, sweet potatoes and turnips
Roots have different functions: anchoring the plant, taking in water and minerals, and store food.
Nonvascular
Simple; most grow in moist places
No vascular tissues.

3. Angiosperms are fruit or flower bearing.
Two Types of Plants
Angiosperms are fruit or flower bearing.
Gymnosperms are naked seeds and cone bearing.

4. Angiosperms
Two Groups:
Monocots and Dicots

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Parts of The Plant
Roots
Leaves
Stem
Flower
Seed
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Roots
2 Types of Root Systems
Taproot
Fibrous System
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7. Roots
Taproot System
Primary roots grow down from the stem with some secondary roots forming
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8. Roots Fibrous Root System
Small lateral roots that spread out just below the soil surface
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9. Can you identify these root types?

10. Roots have 4 primary functions
Root Functions
Roots have 4 primary functions
Absorption of water and nutrients
performed by root hairs
Transportation of water and nutrients to stem
Anchor plant to maintain stability
Store food and water

11. Parts of the Root Epidermis Cortex
Outermost layer of cells, like the skin of the root
Cortex
Tissue inside epidermis that stores starch and other substances for the growth of the root

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Parts of the Root
Root Cap
Provides protection for the root tip
Root Hairs
Site of absorption
Vascular Tissue
Within cortex, contains cells that transport water, nutrients, and minerals to all parts of the plant
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13. Important Functions of Leaves
Photosynthesis
Process that plants use to produce their food
6CO2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2
Transpiration
Loss of water and exchange of carbon dioxide

14. Leaf Parts Blade Petiole Midrib Main body of leaf
Attaches blade to stem
Midrib
Large central vein
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15. Leaf Parts Apex Base Margin Epidermis Stomata Mesophyll Tip of leaf
Attaches to petiole – if petiole is absent, attaches directly to stem
Margin
Edge of leaf
Epidermis
“Skin” of leaf - responsible for gas exchange
Stomata
Outside layer of leaf opening in epidermis where gas and water exchange
Mesophyll
Middle layer of leaf where photosynthesis occurs

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Functions of the Stem
Transport water and nutrients from roots to leaves
Supports leaves, fruit, and flowers
Food storage
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17. Parts of the Stem Node Internode Xylem Phloem Pith
Areas where side branches and leaves develop
Internode
Area between nodes
Xylem
Carries nutrients up
Phloem
Carries nutrients down
Pith
Stores food
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18. Flower Function Sexual Reproduction!!!! Flowers are pollinated by:
Wind
Insects
Birds

19. Flower Parts Pistil Female part of plant Containing: Stigma Style
Ovary
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20. Flower Parts Stamen Male reproductive part Contains Anther Filament
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21. Flower Parts Petals Sepals
Highly colored part of the flower, may contain perfume and/or nectar glands
Sepals
Small green structures on the base of a flower that protect the flower bud
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22. Parts of the Seed Embryo Endosperm Cotyledon Seed Coat
Growing part of seed containing:
Plumule – “Shoot”
Hypocotyl – Stem
Radical – “Root”
Endosperm
Tissue that provides nutrition for the developing seed
Cotyledon
Food Storage
Seed Coat
Protective outer covering of the seed

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Parts of the Seed
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24. Pollination
Flowering plants use the wind, insects, bats, birds and mammals to transfer pollen from the male (stamen) part of the flower to the female (stigma) part of the flower.

25. Pollination
A flower is pollinated when a pollen grain lands on its stigma.
Each carpel grows into a fruit which contains the seeds.

26. Fertilisation
Pollen grains germinate on the stigma, growing down the style to reach an ovule.
Fertilised ovules develop into seeds.
The carpel enlarges to form the flesh of the fruit and to protect the ovary.

27. Wind pollination
Some flowers, such as grasses, do not have brightly coloured petals and nectar to attract insects.
They do have stamens and carpels.
These flowers are pollinated by the wind.

28. Seed dispersal Seeds are dispersed in many different ways: Wind
Explosion
Water
Animals
Birds
Scatter

29. How birds and animals help seed dispersal
Some seeds are hidden in the ground as a winter store.
Some fruits have hooks on them and cling to fur or clothes.

30. How birds and animals help seed dispersal
Birds and animals eat the fruits and excrete the seeds away from the parent plant.

31. Physical Adaptations Allowing Plants to Survive on Land
Cuticle – waxy covering of leaf for water loss protection
Spores and Seeds – reproductive cell protection
Tissue for absorbing and transporting materials
Spines and needles making ingestion difficult.
Storing water in stem as a cactus does.

32. Cuticle
Waxy coating preventing water loss

33. Seeds
Embryo surrounded by a protective coating

34. Moss (Spores)
Haploid reproductive cell surrounded by a hard outer wall

35. Foxglove plant produces a chemical affecting the heart

36. Poison Ivy

37. Chemical Adaptations Allowing Plants to Survive
Chemicals that are toxic and can kill organisms eating them
Foul odor
Bitter taste
Toxicity