1. Phrases Are Fantastic…

2. Phrases Remember A phrase is a group of words that acts as a unit
A phrase DOES NOT have a subject and a verb

3. Phrases These are the four categories of phrases that we are studying:
Prepositional phrases
Appositive phrases
Verbal phrases
Absolute phrases
This ppt presentation will focus on the use of the appositive phrase with the goal this grammatical construction will help the writer to transform her/his writing!

4. Phrases – 2 We have already looked at prepositional phrases.
Now we are going to look at the second type of phrases - appositives
Remind students what is meant by a prepositional phrase
Prepositional phrases are groups of words that have a preposition and an object of the preposition. The whole phrase will always act as either an adjective or an adverb.
David pointed at Kyle's bowling ball.
A preposition will always start the phrase, and an object of the preposition will always end it. An object of the preposition is a noun or pronoun that follows the preposition.
They Act as Adjectives or Adverbs
This seems sort of funny, but all of the words in a prepositional phrase, although they are different parts of speech within the phrase, come together to act as one part of speech.
The painting over the television is Isaac's favorite.
over the television is telling us more about which painting is Isaac's favorite. Since it is answering one of the adjective questions (which one, what kind, how many, whose) , it is acting as an adjective modifying the noun painting.
I stay at hotels.
At hotels is telling us more about where you stay. Since it is answering one of the adverb questions (how, when, where, why), it is acting as an adverb modifying the verb stay.
For more information, see:

5. Appositive Phrases
An appositive phrase is another group of words that acts as a unit and does NOT have a subject and verb.
It consists of a noun (and all of its modifiers) that renames or provides additional information about another noun in the sentence.
An appositive is a noun that renames another noun or pronoun.We use them to add more information into our sentences and give more information about someone or something that we have already named.
Quick Refresher: Remember that nouns are words that name people, places, things, or ideas, and pronouns are words that take the place of nouns.
Examples:
Mr. Kimball, the principal, kicked me out of school!
My mother, a lovely woman, baked cupcakes for my birthday.
Henry, my little puppy, chewed my shoes apart while I was gone.
Basic Diagramming
Diagram the sentence as usual and add the appositive in parenthesis after the noun that it renames.
Add any words that modify it on slanted lines just like other modifiers.

6. Appositive Phrases
An appositive normally sits next to the noun it renames; in other words, it is “positioned next to” that noun, which is why it is said to be “in apposition”.

7. Appositive Phrases
Can you identify the appositive phrase in this sentence?
One Fish,Two Fish, my favorite book by Dr. Seuss, is the only book I have read completely on my own.
One Fish,Two Fish, my favorite book by Dr. Seuss, is the the only book I have read completely on my own.

8. Appositive Phrases
One Fish,Two Fish, my favorite book by Dr. Seuss, is the the only book I have read completely on my own.
“my favorite book by Dr. Seuss” renames One Fish,Two Fish
“my favorite book by Dr. Seuss” is the appostive phrase in the example.

9. Appositive Phrases
An appositive is a group of words that explains in a sentence.
An appositive is placed by the word it explains
An appositive is set off by commas. A one-word appositive may be written with or without commas.
Some examples of appositives are given below. In the examples, the appositives are marked at the beginning and end by | marks. 1) My manager |Eric| is a real pain in the behind. 2) The shop on the corner is run by Peter, |a long-time resident of the community|. 3) An appositive, |a kind of modifying phrase|, differs from a relative clause. As the examples above illustrate, an appositive can be one word, as in example (1), or an entire phrase, as in (2) and (3).

10. Appositive Phrases Examples:
My sister, the girl in the red dress, is a clerk.
His friend, Miss Nina Musser, will come.
One word appositive--
The horse, Flavor, won the race.
The horse Flavor won the race.
Appositives come in two flavors: restrictive and non-restrictive. A restrictive appositive modifies a noun by narrowing the range of meaning that the modified noun can have. A non-restrictive appositive does not narrow the range of meaning. In writing, restrictive appositives are often delimited by commas, whereas non-restrictive appositives are not. Whether an appositive is restrictive or not depends upon the context. For example, imagine that I have two sisters and one brother. I might say: 4) My sister, |Theresa|, is a lawyer. 5) My brother |John| is a doctor.

11. Appositive Phrases Practice
Randy’s job was collecting tickets at basketball games. His job was fun.
Re-write the sentence using appositive construction. Be sure to keep the integrity (meaning) of the two sentences in combing them into one sentence.

12. Appositive Phrases
Randy’s job was collecting tickets at basketball games. His job was fun.
Randy’s job, collecting tickets at basketball games, was fun.
If you were to remove the phrase “collecting tickets at basketball games,” the sentence would still make sense, but would be less descriptive.

13. Appositive Phrases
In class, we will be practicing identifying appositives and punctuating them correctly.

14. Appositive Phrases
We will also look at how to use appositives to improve
the basic sentence
structure in your writing.

15. Appositive Phrases
Verbs of being are weaker verbs that don’t do much for your sentence.
You want to eliminate as many of them as you can to use action verbs to make your writing vibrant.
Using an appositive phrase is a good way to eliminate verbs of being in your writing.
Emphasize this: Using an appositive phrase is a good way to eliminate verbs of being in your writing.
Being Verbs tell about something in a state of being. A noun or pronoun does not always take action. Sometime, it just is. For that purpose, you use a being verb. Here are the being verbs in all the past, present, and future tenses.
Present tense - I am, you are, he/she/it is, we are, they are Past Tense - I was, you were, he/she/it, was, we were, they were Future Tense - I will be, you will be, he/she/it will be, we will be, they will be Present Perfect Tense - I have been, you have been, he/she/it has been, we have been, they have been Past Perfect Tense -I had been, you had been, he/she/it had been, we had been, they had been Future Perfect Tense - I will have been, you will have been, he/she/it will have been, we will have been, they will have been

16. Appositive Phrases
Wilbur is the new class president. He is the president of the junior class. He met with his officers to plan fundraisers to offset the cost of the Prom.
Can you identify the verbs of being used in these sentences?
Being Verbs
Present tense - I am, you are, he/she/it is, we are, they are Past Tense - I was, you were, he/she/it, was, we were, they were Future Tense - I will be, you will be, he/she/it will be, we will be, they will be Present Perfect Tense - I have been, you have been, he/she/it has been, we have been, they have been Past Perfect Tense -I had been, you had been, he/she/it had been, we had been, they had been Future Perfect Tense - I will have been, you will have been, he/she/it will have been, we will have been, they will have been

17. Appositive Phrases
In that group of sentences, we have three verbs, two of which are verbs of being. They are not dynamic enough to make the sentence vibrant. One way to improve these three choppy sentences is to combine them into one, eliminating the verbs of being.
Wilbur is the new class president. He is the president of the junior class. He met with his officers to plan fundraisers to offset the cost of the Prom.

18. Appositive Phrases
Wilbur is the new class president. He is the president of the junior class. He met with his officers to plan fundraisers to offset the cost of the Prom.
Being Verbs
Present tense - I am, you are, he/she/it is, we are, they are Past Tense - I was, you were, he/she/it, was, we were, they were Future Tense - I will be, you will be, he/she/it will be, we will be, they will be Present Perfect Tense - I have been, you have been, he/she/it has been, we have been, they have been Past Perfect Tense -I had been, you had been, he/she/it had been, we had been, they had been Future Perfect Tense - I will have been, you will have been, he/she/it will have been, we will have been, they will have been

19. Appositive Phrases
Wilbur, the new class president of the junior class, met with his officers to plan fundraisers to offset the cost of the Prom.
Here is the same group of sentences improved by using appositive construction.
Old Version:
Wilbur is the new class president. He is the president of the junior class. He met with his officers to plan fundraisers to offset the cost of the Prom.
New Version:
Wilbur, the new class president of the junior class, met with his officers to plan fundraisers to offset the cost of the Prom.

20. Appositive Phrases
We will be working in class on ways to combine short, choppy, little sentences into more sophisticated ones by eliminating verbs of being using appositives.
Any Questions?
Perhaps have participants write two + sentences about themselves, and then have them work with partners to combine the sentences using appositive construction.