1. On your whiteboard: What is deontology?
What are its strengths and weaknesses when compared to teleology?

2. Kant Deontological ethical theory.
Complex theory – based on his general philosophy.

3. On your whiteboard:
Half of you sum up empiricism, half rationalism

4. Rationalism vs Empiricism
Kant wanted to fuse the two approaches. Agrees with Hume – in the world of experiences we are largely governed by our desires. But this is not all there is. Reason is somehow independent of the world of experience, so independent of our desires. Humans have tension of inhabiting both the phenomenal (animal) and the noumenal (God-like) realms.

5. Kant’s view of Human Nature
Animals Human Beings God / Angels
Desires
Inclinations
Desires & Reason
Reason
Animals follow their desires
and inclinations only. They
have no reason, so behave
according to the empirical
laws of cause and effect,
led by their appetite
and instincts.
God and angels are perfectly rational beings,
without appetites and desires to lead them astray from
following reason and
objective moral laws.
Human nature experiences
the tension of desires and inclinations (their animal self) versus the voice of reason (their God-like self).
Acting from our desires makes us no better than animals. We should be looking to our reason to guide us, not our base instincts.
philosophicalinvestigations.co.uk

6. What makes actions good?
Good motive/intention