1. HISTORY OF WESTERN PHILOSOPHY
Presented by Malini Sen Assistant Professor Department of Philosophy Maheshtala College B.B.T. Road. Kolkata

2. Origin Of knowledge
Rationalism
Empiricism
Critical Theory

3. Reason or Intellect is the origin of knowledge.
Rationalism
Reason or Intellect is the origin of knowledge.

4. Characteristic of knowledge:
Rationalism
Characteristic of knowledge:
a) Necessity
b) Universality

5. Main Proponents: Rationalism a) Rene Descartes b) Benedict Spinoza
c) W. G. Leibnitz

6. Rene Descartes Rationalism a) Sceptical Method & Mathematical Method.
b) I think therefore I am i.e., Cogito ergo sum.
c) Substances – God, Body & Mind.

7. Benedict Spinoza Rationalism a) Geometrical Method.
b) Substance – God.
c) Substance = Nature = God.

8. W. G. Leibnitz Rationalism a) Pluralist. b) Substance - Monad.
c) Pre Established Harmony.

9. Experience through sense organ is the origin of knowledge.
Empiricism
Experience through sense organ is the origin of knowledge.

10. Empiricism
Characteristic of knowledge:
Novelty

11. Main Proponents: Empiricism a) John Locke b) Bishop Berkeley
c) David Hume

12. Empiricism
John Locke
a) Tabula Rasa.
b) Refutation of Innate Idea.

13. Bishop Berkeley Empiricism a) Subjective Idealism.
b) Esse est percipi.

14. Empiricism
David Hume
a) Impression & Idea.
b) No Permanent Self.

15. It reconciles both Rationalism & Empiricism.
CRITICAL THEORY
It reconciles both Rationalism & Empiricism.

16. Knowledge requires both
CRITICAL THEORY
Characteristic of knowledge:
Knowledge requires both
Necessity & Novelty.

17. CRITICAL THEORY
Main Proponent:
Immanuel Kant

18. Immanuel Kant CRITICAL THEORY a) Space & Time.
b) Synthetic A Priori proposition.

19. Thank you