1. The Age of Jackson
AP US History
Mrs. Lacks

2. Essential Question:
Champion of the common man OR King Andrew?

3. What were the democratic trends of the early 19th century?

4. Increased Democratization
White male suffrage increased
Party nominating committees.
Electoral votes determined by popular vote
Rise of Third Parties.
Popular campaigning (parades, rallies, floats, etc.)
Two-party system returned in the 1832 election:
Dem-Reps  Natl. Reps.(1828)  Whigs (1832)  Republicans (1854)
Democrats (1828)

5. Campaigning “on the stump”

6. Voting Requirements

7. Voter Turnout:

8. Jackson’s Early Life

9. Andrew Jackson B. March 15, 1767 Parents: Scot-Irish immigrants
Grew up in western N or S Carolina
Joined Tennessee militia at age of 13
Planter, wealthy slave owner
Lawyer
US MC, TN
Colonel then Major General, War of 1812 (Old Hickory)
US Senator, TN
Military Governor of Florida
7th POTUS

11. 1st known painting of AJ, 1815

12. During the First Seminole War

13. 1st Presidential Run

14. William H. Crawford [GA]
Election of 1824
Henry Clay [KY]
John Quincy Adams [MA]
John C. Calhoun [SC]
William H. Crawford [GA]

15. Election of 1824: A Corrupt Bargain?

16. The John Quincy Adams Administration

17. Opposition to JQA
Some believed he allowed too much political control to be held by elites.
Some objected to his support of national economic development on constitutional grounds.
Adams believed a strong, active central government was necessary.
A national university.
An astronomical observatory.
A naval academy.
Many Americans saw Adams’ vision of a might nation led by a strong president as a threat to individual liberties.

18. What were the key issues of the Election of 1828?
JQA vs. Jackson

19. Tariff of Abominations
Tariff of 1816  on imports of cheap textiles.
Tariff of 1824  on iron goods and more expensive woolen and cotton imports.
Tariff of 1828  higher tariffs on imported raw materials [like wool & hemp].
Supported by Jacksonians to gain votes from farmers in NY, OH, KY.
The South alone was adamantly against it.
As producers of the world’s cheapest cotton, it did not need a protective tariff.
They were negatively impacted  American textiles and iron goods [or the taxed English goods] were more expensive!

20. Votes in the House for the “Tariff of Abominations”

21. John Quincy Adams:
His land policies gave westerners another reason to dislike him.
He attempted to curb speculation for public lands  his opponent accused him of denying their individual rights and freedoms to expand westward!
He supported the land rights of Native Americans against white settlers.
1825  govt. officials negotiated a treaty with a group of Creek Indians to cede their land rights to GA.
The Creek Indians appealed to Adams to renounce the treaty.
Congress sided with the governor of GA.

22. Election of 1828
Jackson’s campaign was engineered by Senator Martin Van Buren of NY
He wanted to recreate the old Jeffersonian coalition of:
Northern farmers and artisans.
Southern slave owners.
Farmers with small land holdings.
He created the Democratic Party from the remains of Jefferson’s old party:
Created a national committee that oversaw local and state party units.
Mass meetings, parades, picnics.
A lot of political mudslinging on both sides.

23. Rachel Adams
Final Divorce Decree

24. Election of 1828

25. The New Jackson Coalition
The Planter Elite in the South
People on the Frontier
Artisans [competition from factory labor].
State Politicians  spoils system
To the victor belong the spoils of the enemy! [William Marcy of NY]
Immigrants in the cities.

26. Jackson as Satan Dangles the Spoils of Victory over his Supporters

27. Jackson’s Faith in the Common Man
Intense distrust of Eastern “establishment,” monopolies, & special privilege.
His heart & soul was with the “plain folk.”
Belief that the common man was capable of uncommon achievements.
Put his friends in office, despite their lack of knowledge of their post

28. President Jackson

29. The Peggy Eaton Affair

30. The Nullification Crisis
South Carolina

31. New Tariff Conflict 1832 --> new tariff South Carolina’s reaction?
Jackson’s response?
Clay’s “Compromise” Tariff?

32. Clays Sews Up Jackson’s Mouth (1834)

33. Jackson’s Native American Policy

34. Jackson’s NA Policy Jackson’s Goal? 1830  Indian Removal Act
Cherokee Nation v. GA (1831) * “domestic dependent nation”
Worcester v. GA (1832)
Jackson: John Marshall has made his decision, now let him enforce it!

35. The Cherokee Nation

36. Indian Removal

37. Trail of Tears ( )

38. Jackson’s Professed “Love” for Native Americans

39. Assassination Attempts
First POTUS that anyone attempted to kill
First attempt: Robert Randolph, Naval officer – hit AJ over the head with a rock
Second attempt: Richard Lawrence, unemployed housepainter, shot at AJ while leaving the Capitol; gun misfired (twice); AJ beat him with a cane

40. Assassination Attempts

41. Renewing
the Charter
of the
2nd National Bank

42. Jackson’s Use of Federal Power
VETO
1830  Maysville Road project in KY [state of his political rival, Henry Clay]

43. The National Bank Debate
President Jackson
Nicholas Biddle [an arrogant aristocrat from Philadelphia]

44. The “Monster” Is Destroyed!
“Pet Banks”
1832  Jackson vetoed the extension of the 2nd National Bank of the United States.
1836  the charter expired.
1841  the bank went bankrupt!

45. The Downfall of “Mother Bank”

46. The Bank & the 1832 Election
Jackson saw Biddle’s pushing forward a bill to renew the Bank’s charter earlier as an attempt to block his re-election!
Biddle & his associates preferred Clay.
Jackson refused to sign the bill to re-charter.
The Bank is trying to destroy me, but I will destroy it!
Jackson drops Calhoun and runs with Martin Van Buren.
BUT, both parties [Democrats & Whigs] had contradictory positions regarding their party principles, to many of the issues of the day!

47. An 1832 Cartoon:
“King Andrew”?

48. Positions on the Key Issues of 1832
WHIGS
DEMOCRATS
Opposed “liberal capitalism” because they believed it would lead to economic chaos.
Strong national govt. to coordinate the expanding economy was critical.
Opposes Indian removal.
Favored tariffs.
Supported a National Bank.
Believed that bankers, merchants, and speculators were “non-producers” who used their govt. connections to line their own pockets.
Govt. should have a hands-off approach to the economy to allow the little guy a chance to prosper.
For Indian removal.
Oppose tariffs.
States’ rights.
Oppose federal support for internal improvements.
Opposed the National Bank.

49. Election of 1832

50. Election of 1836
Martin Van Buren
“Old Kinderhook” [O. K.]

51. The Panic of 1837 Hits Everyone!

52. Andrew Jackson in retirement
On the last day of the presidency, Jackson admitted that he had but two regrets, that he "had been unable to shoot Henry Clay or to hang John C. Calhoun."

53. Photo of Andrew Jackson in 1844 (one year before his death)