1. Andrew Jackson:

2. Champion of the “Common Man”?
Essential Question:
Champion of the “Common Man”?
“King” Andrew? OR

3. Voter Turnout:

4. Why Increased Democratization?
White male suffrage increased
Suffrage-right to vote
Spoils system.
Elected official giving jobs to those who support him/her.
Rise of Third Parties.
Democratic, Republican, and now Anti-Masons
Popular campaigning (parades, rallies, floats, etc.)
Two-party system returned in the 1832 election:
Dem-Reps  Natl. Reps.(1828)  Whigs (1832)  Republicans (1854)
Democrats (1828)

5. Jackson's
Early
Life

6. Jackson’s First Hermitage Residence

7. First Known Painting of Jackson, 1815

8. General Jackson During the Seminole Wars

9. Jackson's
First
Presidential Run

10. The “Common Man’s” Presidential Candidate

11. William H. Crawford [GA]
Jackson’s Opponents in 1824
Henry Clay [KY]
John Quincy Adams [MA]
John C. Calhoun [SC]
William H. Crawford [GA]

12. Results of the 1824 Election
A “Corrupt Bargain?”

13. John Quincy Adams
Administration
( )

14. Opposition to John Quincy Adams
Some believed he allowed too much political control to be held by elites.
Some objected to his support of national economic development on constitutional grounds.
Adams believed a strong, active central government was necessary.
A national university.
An astronomical observatory.
A naval academy.
Many Americans saw Adams’ vision of a mighty nation led by a strong president as a threat to individual liberties.

15. What were
the key issues
in 1828?

16. The
“Tariff of
Abomination”

17. Tariff Battles Tariff of 1816  on imports of cheap textiles.
Tariff of 1824  on iron goods and more expensive woolen and cotton imports.
Tariff of 1828  higher tariffs on imported raw materials [like wool & hemp].
Supported by Jacksonians to gain votes from farmers in NY, OH, KY.
The South alone was adamantly against it.
As producers of the world’s cheapest cotton, it did not need a protective tariff.
They were negatively impacted  American textiles and iron goods [or the taxed English goods] were more expensive!

18. Votes in the House for the “Tariff of Abomination”

19. Land & Indian Policies John Quincy Adams:
His land policies gave westerners another reason to dislike him.
He attempted to curb speculation for public lands  his opponent accused him of denying their individual rights and freedoms to expand westward!
He supported the land rights of Native Americans against white settlers.
1825  govt. officials negotiated a treaty with a group of Creek Indians to cede their land rights to GA.
The Creek Indians appealed to Adams to renounce the treaty.

20. The 1828 Election
Jackson’s campaign was engineered by Senator Martin Van Buren of NY
He wanted to recreate the old Jeffersonian coalition of:
Northern farmers and artisans.
Southern slave owners.
Farmers with small land holdings.
He created the Democratic Party from the remains of Jefferson’s old party:
Created a national committee that oversaw local and state party units.
Mass meetings, parades, picnics.
A lot of political mudslinging on both sides.

21. Rachel Jackson
Final Divorce Decree

22. Jackson in Mourning for His Wife

23. 1828 Election Results

24. The Center of Population in the Country Moves WEST

25. The New “Jackson Coalition”
The Planter Elite in the South
People on the Frontier
Artisans [competition from factory labor].
State Politicians  spoils system
To the victor belong the spoils of the enemy! [William Marcy of NY]
Immigrants in the cities.

26. Jackson as Satan Dangles the Spoils of Victory over his Supporters

27. Jackson’s Faith in the “Common Man”
Intense distrust of Eastern “establishment,” monopolies, & special privilege.
His heart & soul was with the “plain folk.”
Belief that the common man was capable of uncommon achievements.

28. The Reign of “King Mob”

29. Andrew Jackson as President

30. The “Peggy Eaton Affair”

31. The
Nullification
Issue

32. Sen. Daniel Webster [MA]
The Webster-Hayne Debate
Sen. Daniel Webster [MA]
Sen. Robert Hayne [SC]

33. 1830 Webster: Liberty and Union, now and forever, one and inseparable.
Jackson: Our Federal Union—it must be preserved.
Calhoun: The Union, next to our liberty, most dear.

34. Calhoun Ascends the Platform that Leads to Despotism

35. 1832 Tariff Conflict 1832 --> new tariff
South Carolina’s reaction?- Nullification
Jackson’s response?-Military Force Bill
Clay’s “Compromise” Tariff?- Gradual Reduction

36. Clays Sews Up Jackson’s Mouth (1834)

37. Jackson's
Native-American
Policy

38. Indian Removal Jackson’s Goal? 1830  Indian Removal Act
Cherokee Nation v. GA (1831) * “domestic dependent nation”
Wanted some rights to their land
Worcester v. GA (1832)
If you are not a native, you cannot live on native land without permission

39. The Cherokee Nation After 1820

40. Indian Removal

41. Trail of Tears ( )

42. Jackson’s Professed “Love” for Native Americans

43. Renewing
the Charter
of the
2nd National Bank

44. The National Bank Debate
President Jackson
Nicholas Biddle [an arrogant aristocrat from Philadelphia]

45. The Bank Wars Nicholas Biddle – President of Bank of US
Functions – print stable currency, keep federal money, control gold and silver, source of credit
1832 – Clay and Webster wanted to use the renewal of the charter to embarrass the President – if he passed the charter he would anger his followers, if he vetoed it the wealthy would be upset.
Jackson- Did not like a national bank, felt all money should be dealt with by each individual state, a national bank takes away states’ rights, unconstitutional.

46. Opposition to the 2nd B.U.S.
“Soft” (paper) $
“Hard” (specie) $
state bankers felt it restrained their banks from issuing bank notes freely.
supported rapid economic growth & speculation.
felt that coin was the only safe currency.
didn’t like any bank that issued bank notes.
suspicious of expansion & speculation.

47. The “Monster” Is Destroyed!
“Pet Banks”
1832  Jackson vetoed the extension of the 2nd National Bank of the United States.
1836  the charter expired.
1841  the bank went bankrupt!

48. The Downfall of “Mother Bank”

49. The Bank & the 1832 Election
Jackson saw Biddle’s pushing forward a bill to renew the Bank’s charter earlier as an attempt to block his re-election!
Biddle & his associates preferred Clay.
Jackson refused to sign the bill to re-charter.
The Bank is trying to destroy me, but I will destroy it!
Jackson drops Calhoun and runs with Martin Van Buren.
BUT, both parties [Democrats & Whigs] had contradictory positions regarding their party principles, to many of the issues of the day!

50. An 1832 Cartoon:
“King Andrew”?

51. Positions on the Key Issues of 1832
WHIGS
DEMOCRATS
Less concerned about the widening gap between rich and poor.
Opposed “liberal capitalism” because they believed it would lead to economic chaos.
Strong national govt. to coordinate the expanding economy was critical.
Opposes Indian removal.
Favored tariffs.
Supported a National Bank.
Felt the widening gap between rich and poor was alarming.
Believed that bankers, merchants, and speculators were “non-producers” who used their govt. connections to line their own pockets.
Govt. should have a hands-off approach to the economy to allow the little guy a chance to prosper.
For Indian removal.
Oppose tariffs.
States’ rights.
Oppose federal support for internal improvements.
Opposed the National Bank.

52. 1832 Election Results

53. The 1836 Election Results
Martin Van Buren
“Old Kinderhook” [O. K.]

54. The Specie Circular (1836)
Speculators created “wildcat banks” that fueled the runaway inflation.
So, buy future federal land only with gold or silver.
This move shocked the system.
Jackson’s goal  to curb the land speculation.

55. Results of the Specie Circular
Banknotes loose their value.
Land sales plummeted.
Credit not available.
Businesses began to fail.
Unemployment rose.
The Panic of 1837!

56. The Panic of 1837 Hits Everyone!

57. The Panic of 1837 Spreads Quickly!

58. Andrew Jackson in Retirement
Era of the “common man”:
Universal male suffrage
Popular campaigning
Increased Presidential Power
Spoils System
Access to more land-Indian Removal

59. Photo of Andrew Jackson in 1844 (one year before his death)