1. ENZYMES 2-4

2. Chemical reactions need help to get started.
Ex: A fire needs a match to get it started.

3. ______________ to get a chemical reaction _______________
= ________________________
Energy required
STARTED
ACTIVATION ENERGY
ACTIVATION ENERGY
REACTANTS
PRODUCTS
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4. ___________ HELP CHEMICAL REACTIONS _______________ HAPPEN FASTER
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CATALYSTS
___________ HELP CHEMICAL REACTIONS _______________
HAPPEN FASTER
Catalysts work by ____________ the
___________________________to get a chemical reaction started.
DECREASING
ACTIVATION ENERGY required

5. IT’S LIKE PUSHING A SNOWBALL UP A HILL
Once it gets to top . . .
it can roll back all by itself

6. CATALYSTS in Living Things
Image from:
CATALYSTS in Living Things
In living systems __________ that
________________to control chemical reactions are called
= _________
PROTEINS
act as catalysts
ENZYMES
SEE ANIMATION of AMYLASE
More about this in Chapters 7,8,9 and 12

7. Click the image to play the video segment.
Enzymatic Reactions 2D
Click the image to play the video segment.
Video 4

8. PROTEINS CAN BE ENZYMES
ACTIVE SITE
ENZYME
SUBSTRATE
ENZYME-SUBSTRATE
COMPLEX
ENZYME Unchanged
& Reusable
PRODUCTS
Image modified from:
Arrow:

9. Click HERE to learn more about enzymes
ENZYMES _____ like
a _______________
to only _________of _________.
Enzymes are ___________ by the reaction and ___________
FIT
LOCK AND KEY
SUBSTRATE
ONE KIND
UNCHANGED
REUSABLE

10. FACTORS THAT AFFECT ENZYME ACTIVITY
__________ & ______________
Conditions that are TOO ACIDIC
or TOO HOT cause proteins to
________ or _________ pH
temperature
UNWIND DENATURE
See a movie
Choose narrated

11. changes shape ACTIVE SITE CAN’T BIND
Denaturing _______ the _______ of the ______________ so enzyme ______________ to ____________
changes
shape
ACTIVE SITE
CAN’T BIND
SUBSTRATE
_______________ (keeping pH and temperature constant) is ______________ for maintaining ____________________
HOMEOSTASIS
IMPORTANT
ENZYME FUNCTION
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12. -ASE
Many enzyme NAMES end in _____
and the beginning of the name tells what it does
DNA Polymerase= “polymerizes”
joins monomers to make DNA
Protease=
breaks down proteins
ATP synthase= synthesizes ATP

13. How is the SHAPE of an enzyme related to its FUNCTION?
MAKE CONNECTIONS
How is the SHAPE of an enzyme related to its FUNCTION?

14. SOUTH DAKOTA CORE SCIENCE STANDARDS
LIFE SCIENCE: Indicator 1: Understand the fundamental structures,
functions, classifications, and mechanisms found
in living things
9-12.L Students are able to relate cellular functions and processes to specialized structures within cells.
EXAMPLE: role of enzymes

15. SOUTH DAKOTA ADVANCED STANDARDS
LIFE SCIENCE
Indicator 1: Understand the fundamental structures, functions, classifications, and mechanisms found in living things.
9-12.L.1.2A. (Synthesis) Describe how living systems use biofeedback mechanisms to maintain homeostasis.
9-12.L.1.4A. (Application) Identify factors that change the rates of enzyme catalyzed reactions.

16. Core High School Life Science Performance Descriptors
High school students performing at the
ADVANCED level:
explain how protein production is regulated;
predict how homeostasis is maintained within living systems;
PROFICIENT level:
describe and give examples of chemical reactions required to sustain life (hydrolysis, dehydration synthesis, …ADP/ATP, role of enzymes);
describe the relationship between structure and function
BASIC level
name chemical reactions required to sustain life (hydrolysis, dehydration synthesis, photosynthesis, cellular respiration, ADP/ATP, role of enzymes);
recognize that different structures perform different functions;
identify DNA as the structure that carries the genetic code;
define homeostasis;