1. Changes in State Vapor Pressure Changes in State Phase Diagrams
observation
definition
temperature dependence
Changes in State
enthalpies
heating curves
Phase Diagrams
special points
examples

2. Vapor Pressure Dfns. Eq. Vapor Pressure Measuring Pvapor
pres. of vapor present above a (l) or (s)
DHvap energy to convert 1 mole liquid to gas at 1 atm
Eq. Vapor Pressure
rate of evaporation = rate of condensation
Measuring Pvapor
Hg column
Pvapor = Patm – PHg column

3. Temperature Dependence

4. Temperature Dependence
R = J/mol•K
T = temperature (K)
C = const. related to DS

5. Changes in State: Heating Curve

6. Changes in State: Heating Curve
condensation
evaporation

7. Changes in State: Heating Curve
condensation
evaporation
freezing
melting

8. Changes in State: Heating Curve
condensation
evaporation
freezing
enthalpy of
vaporization
melting

9. Changes in State: Heating Curve
condensation
enthalpy of
fusion
evaporation
freezing
enthalpy of
vaporization
melting

10. Phase Diagrams
Represents the phases of a material at various T and P in a closed system
Experiments
1: T at P = 1 atm
Iodine 1
(0.118 atm)
(546 C)
media_portfolio/text_images/FG13_18.JPG

11. Phase Diagrams
Represents the phases of a material at various T and P in a closed system
Experiments
1: T at P = 1 atm
2: T at P = 0.01 atm
Iodine 1
(0.118 atm) 2
(546 C)
media_portfolio/text_images/FG13_18.JPG

12. Phase Diagrams
Represents the phases of a material at various T and P in a closed system
Experiments
1: T at P = 1 atm
2: T at P = 0.01 atm
3: T at P = atm
Iodine 1 3
(0.118 atm) 2
(546 C)
media_portfolio/text_images/FG13_18.JPG

13. Phase Diagrams
Represents the phases of a material at various T and P in a closed system
Experiments
1: T at P = 1 atm
2: T at P = 0.01 atm
3: T at P = atm
4: T at P = 1 atm
Iodine 4 1 3
(0.118 atm) 2
(546 C)
media_portfolio/text_images/FG13_18.JPG

14. Phase Diagrams
Represents the phases of a material at various T and P in a closed system
Experiments
1: T at P = 1 atm
2: T at P = 0.01 atm
3: T at P = atm
4: T at P = 1 atm
5: P at T = 100. C
Iodine 4 1 3
(0.118 atm) 2 5
(546 C)
media_portfolio/text_images/FG13_18.JPG

15. Phase Diagrams
Represents the phases of a material at various T and P in a closed system
Experiments
1: T at P = 1 atm
2: T at P = 0.01 atm
3: T at P = atm
4: T at P = 1 atm
5: P at T = 100. C
6: P at T = 150. C
Iodine 4 1 3
(0.118 atm) 2 5 6
(546 C)
media_portfolio/text_images/FG13_18.JPG

16. Phase Diagrams: Water

17. Phase Diagrams: Water