1. QUALITY MANAGEMENT (bpb 44002)
Dr. Rosmaini Tasmin Faculty of Technology Management and Business UTHM Johor

2. Cause and Effect Diagram
7 Quality Control Tools
Pareto Chart
Cause and Effect Diagram
Check Sheet
Histogram
Scatter Diagram
Run Chart
Control Chart

3. Quality Defects What causes the defect?
What caused the Titanic to sink?

4. Pareto Chart (1) Quality problems caused by variety of factors
Separate few significant factors from trivials
80% of problems created by only 20% causes
80/20 rule-of-thumb

5. Pareto Chart N

6. Sample Exercise
Customer problems on Online Store

7. Pareto Chart Answer N

8. Cause and Effect Diagram (2)
Developed by Dr. Ishikawa in 1968, also known as “Ishikawa Diagram”, “Fish-bone Diagram”.
Major elements: People, Method, Machine, Materials, Measurement, Environment.
Mazda Motors used an Ishikawa diagram
- Miata sports car

9. Cause-and-Effect Diagram (Fish Bone Diagram)
Known also as Ishikawa diagram.
A formal tool useful in layering potential causes of a problem

10. Cause and Effect Diagram
5W 1H
Good Lecture

11. Check Sheet (3) Collecting data in organized manner
Check sheets organised data category
Register how often different problem occurs
Types of Check Sheet
Defective Item
Defective Location
Defective Cause
Check-up Confirmation

12. Defect Concentration Diagram
A picture of the product showing all relevant views of location of defects

13. Check Sheet N

14. Check Sheet A check sheet is very useful in data collection activity
Time-oriented summary is useful in looking for trends or other meaningful patterns.

15. Histogram (4) N

16. Sampling Data Set What type of data is this?
What is the 50th percentile value?

17. Histogram

18. Scatter Diagram (5) N

19. Scatter Diagram
Useful plot for identifying a potential relationship between two variables

20. Run Chart (6) N

21. Run Chart in Application

22. Control Chart N

23. Control Chart Determining control limits: re What are the UCL and LCL?
Nominal value = 1.5 micron
with tolerance (SD)
micron
What are the UCL and LCL?
Determining control limits:
Upper control limit (UCL)
Lower control limit (LCL)

24. Standard Deviation
Calculation practice…

25. Six Sigma
Six Sigma is a set of tools and strategies for process improvement originally developed by Motorola in 1986. 
Improve the quality by identifying and removing the causes of defects (errors) and minimizing variability
"Champions", "Black Belts", "Green Belts", "Orange Belts", etc.
Measure of how much a process deviates from perfection
Goals: a 3.4 defects per million opportunities
Champion
an executive responsible for project success 25

26. Motorola N

27. Normal Distribution 27

28. Normal distribution with the mean shifted28

29. Any question?, if not…