1. THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION AND THE ENLIGHTENMENT

2. Learning Objective
Explain how the scientific world influenced society and thought

3. SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION Changing views of the universe

4. COPERNICUS Polish scholar
Proposed the idea of a heliocentric or _________ centered universe
The ___________ was one of several planets to revolve around the _______
Middle ages: people believed the earth was an unmoving object located at the center of the universe (geocentric)
Copernicus: believed the universe was sun centered// he was a churchman & astronomer ** 1st new view of the universe in 2,000 years**

5. COPERNICUS’ SOLAR SYSTEM
Believed the planets rotated in a perfect circle around sun
** Johannes Kepler (german mathematician) supported the heliocentric view but showed each planet rotated in a oval shape or ellipse

6. GALILEO Observed Jupiter’s moons orbiting that planet
Condemned by the Catholic Church
His ideas challenged Christian teachings
That heavens were _________________
Galileo Galilei - Italy
heavens were- fixed, unmoving & perfect

7. GALILEO FACING AN INQUISITION
1633- tried before the inquisition
Threatened with ________ unless he withdrew his heresies
Agreed to state publicly that the _______ stood motionless at center of the universe
He is said to have muttered “it does move” when he left court room **excommunication, earth**

8. Homework Define: Heliocentric
How did astronomers change the way people viewed the universe?
Why did the Catholic church have such strong opposition to the scientific view?
In your own words describe what the scientific method is.

9. SCIENTIFIC METHOD

10. SIR ISSAC NEWTON
Proved Galileo correct
Defined the Law of Gravity

11. LAW OF GRAVITY

12. THE ENLIGHTENMENT
Scientific Revoltuion changed the way people in Europe looked at the world
*** convinced educated people of the power of human reason**** ***

13. Learning Objective
Identify the key figures of the Enlightenment and their philosophies

14. Enlightenment
Period when people began to apply the same king of thinking used in science to social issues. Reason, experience.

15. John Locke Felt people had natural rights Social Contract
Life, liberty & property
Social Contract
Governments are formed to protect natural rights
If governments do not hold up their part of contract…

16. TWO TREATIES OF GOVERNMENT
Explained his beliefs that people formed governments to protect their natural rights
*** best government had limited power and was agreed to by all citizens
************* rejected absolute monarchy *************

17. VOLTAIRE Freedom of Speech Wrote about inequality & injustice
Religious toleration
Eventually exiled for being outspoken about the government and church

18. Montesquieu Spirit of Laws – 1748 Separation of Powers
Discussed governments & praised Britain’s limited monarchy
Separation of Powers
Checks & Balances

19. “THE SPIRIT OF LAWS”
THREE BRANCHES

20. ROUSSEAU Felt society placed too many limitations on people’s behavior
Believed government should be minimal
The people are sovereign not the government
Liberty and justice thrive in a state where the general will of the people was all powerful.

21. Focused on economic reform
Physiocrats
Focused on economic reform

22. David Hume
First form of skepticism
He was a naturalist

23. Adam Smith British economist Wealth of Nations Laissez Faire economics
Allowing business to operate with little or no government interference
3 Economic Laws:
Law of Self Interest
Law of Competition
Law of Supply and Demand

24. Enlightened Leaders
Enlightened Leaders: promoted ideals of tolerance, equal justice. Leaders believe their roles to be as servants.
Prussia- Frederick the Great
Austria- Joseph II

25. Russia- Catherine the Great 1762-1796
Russia- Peter the Great
Russia- Catherine the Great

26. The Enlightenment France and England
France: Refused to progress. Would lead to French Revolution
England: Strong Parliament, strong banking system, broad tax system, found peace and prosperity

27. Essential Questions
What were three important ideas that arose from the Enlightenment?
Where do you see Enlightenment ideas in practice today?