1. Aim: Why Did Nations Arise in Europe?

2. What is a nation?
Nation – A group of people who share common cultural characteristics that live within the borders of an independent (sovereign) government.

3. Warm Up: What do people in a nation share? Culture Land/Boundaries
Government
Language

4. Why do Nations come about?
Commercial Revolution – Rise of capitalism and joint stock companies.
Growth of the Middle Class
People pay the King to keep law and order
Monarchs Gained Power
- Raised their own armies
- Feudalism Ends
Protestant Reformation
- Church power decreases

5. What problems may arise?
War on a much larger scale
Tyranny and Oppression by powerful governments

6. Constitutional States
England
Netherlands
Absolute Monarchies
Spain
France

8. There are shams and shams; there are frauds and frauds, but the transparentest of all is the sceptered one. We see monarchs meet and go through solemn ceremonies, farces, with straight countenances; but it is not possible to imagine them meeting in private and not laughing in each other's faces. - Mark Twain's Notebook

10. Rise of Absolutism in Europe

11. Absolute Monarch – A single leader who holds total and complete power (Autocrat) “Divine Right” – Ruler is chosen by God Features of Absolutism: Total Power, No Democracy, No checks and balances, Singular decision making

12. L e’tat Cei Mois – “I AM THE STATE”
FRANCE
Louis XIV – “The Sun King”
L e’tat Cei Mois – “I AM THE STATE”
Accomplishments
Made France the most powerful nation in Europe
Increased power of central government and taxes
Weakened Nobility
400,000 man army
Grand Style
VERSAILLES – Massive palace built to reflect power and wealth of France
Spent way too much $$$

13. His Downfall Imperialistic – wanted to expand his territory
Expensive Wars
Bad Harvests

18. RUSSIA PETER THE GREAT - Czar of Russia The Great Westernizer
Wanted Russia to be more like Europe
Modernized Army
Introduced Potatoes, Newspapers and Western Fashion – BEARD TAX
Absolute Ruler
Church under state control
Heavy Taxes
A New Capital – St. Petersburg
Wanted a Warm Water Port
“Window to the Sea”

19. The Great Westernizer Absolute Ruler A New Capital
Wanted Russia to be more like Europe
Modernized Army
Introduced Potatoes, Newspapers and Western Fashion – BEARD TAX
Absolute Ruler
Church under state control
Heavy Taxes
A New Capital
Wanted a Warm Water Port
“Window to the Sea”
St. Petersburg

20. RUSSIA Why is Russia Different than the rest of Europe?
Mongol rule isolated Russia
Geographic Barriers
No Warm Water Ports = No Trade
Eastern Orthodox Christianity

21. Peter the Great

22. SPAIN Philip II – Defender of Catholicism Made Spain Very Wealthy
Devoted Catholic
Attacked Ottomans (Muslims) for the Pope
Powerful Military
Army of 50,000
SPANISH ARMADA – Most powerful naval fleet in the world
The Escorial – Massive palace of Philip…displayed his devotion to Christianity

23. Philip II

25. Ottoman Empire Sultan – Suleiman the Magnificent
Ruled for 46 Years – 1520 to 1566
Accomplishments
Created a legal code based on Islamic Law
Powerful Military State (Janissaries)
Gunpowder!
Controlled Mediterranean Trade
Golden Age of Ottoman Culture (Art/Architecture/Literature)

26. Suleiman

27. Mughal Empire – India Akbar – The Great One Accomplishments
Unified land of 100 million people
Religious Tolerance “Divine Faith”
Genius of Cultural Blending
Strong Economy – Graduated Income Tax

28. Akbar

29. ENGLAND Queen Elizabeth – “Limited” Inspirational Military Leader
Defeated Spanish Armada
Ruled During a Golden Age
Renaissance Period in England
Artistic Achievement/Humanism

30. Elizabeth