1. Warm Up
Define absolutism, sovereign, divine right of kings.

2. Absolutism in Europe

3. What is Absolutism?
Sovereign authority (powers) of state in hands of king who ruled by divine right
Sovereign authority came from God
Make laws
Taxing
Administer justice
Determine foreign policy
Control state bureaucracy
Divine right = ruler’s power derived from God

4. Absolutism in France
King received their power from God, so their authority was absolute (total)
Not answerable to parliament
Not answerable to people
Only answerable to GOD
But a king’s power was not absolute (law of God)

5. Absolutism in Russia
Serai - Capitol
Mongolian “Golden Horde” controlled Russia,
Decentralized governance
Native Russians ruled in name of Khan
Collected taxes, tribute for Mongols
Rule isolated Russia
Princes of Muscovy became most powerful Russian princes
Rulers challenged by boyars (landed nobility)
The Golden Horde, c. 1400

6. Activity
Read the following handout and answer the following questions.
Proceed to complete the graphic organizer.
Review with peer.
Due EOC.

7. Warm Up Define Golden Hoard and Ottoman Empire.
How did absolutism manifest itself in Russia?

8. Standard of the Royal Family, the Bourbons
France’s Monarchy
Standard of the Royal Family, the Bourbons

9. Background Henry IV died, 1610 Regent = Cardinal Richelieu
First king of Bourbon Dynasty
Son, Louis, becomes king as Louis XIII
Regent = Cardinal Richelieu
Moved to increase power of Bourbons
Cardinal Richelieu

10. Increasing Power of the French Throne
Huguenots
Had est. their own cities, allied with Protestant nobles
Rebelled against Louis XIII (est. state within state)
Richelieu & town walls
Nobility
Destroyed castles of nobles not approved by king
Increased taxes
Hapsburgs (Spain & Austria)
Involved France in Thirty Years War

11. Louis XIV
Louis XIII died in 1643 – succeeded by son, Louis XIV (5 yrs)
Mom = regent
Cardinal Mazarin succeeds as Chief Advisor (gambler story)
Louis took power when Mazarin died, in 1661
Called self “The Sun King”
Moved to gain total power for himself

12. Louis XIV: Limiting Power of Others
Nobles
Louis excluded nobles from his councils
Louix increased powers of bureaucracy (intendants)
Palace of Versailles as symbol of his power (nobles required to move)
Jean Baptiste Colbert
Minister of Finance
Mercantilist (colonies, French self sufficiency)
Jean
Baptiste
Colbert
Palace of Versailles

13. Video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XxIzMr2Ekpo
Observe the ostentatious display of wealth.

14. Louis XIV: The War Years
Overriding concern was to bring glory to France, himself
“I AM the state”
Sought to protect NE border of France against Hapsburgs, Protestants
Successful wars
Fought two wars, against Spanish Netherlands and Dutch Netherlands to straighten border

15. Louis XIV: The War Years
1689 – League of Augsburg
Alliance vs. France concerned w/ Louis XIV’s rise to power
Fear of Louis XIV; tried to maintain balance of power
Main players
Britain, Holland, Sweden Austria & Spain
France weakened by bad harvest, many wars
(From L: James II, William III, Louis XIV, Leopold I)

16. Louis XIV: The War Years
Louis XIV’s grandson, Philip, became King of Spain
Phil could have unified Spain, France under one crown
Rest of Europe panicked
War of the Spanish Succession ( )
French, Spanish vs. England, Austria, Dutch, Portugal
Treaty of Utrecht: ended war, Phil kept throne, but no unifying France, Spain
Big winner = Britain (got French colonies, trade)
Philip V, King of Spain
And grandson of Louis XIV

17. Activity
Read the following handout and answer the following questions.
Proceed to complete the graphic organizer.
Review with peer.
Due EOC.

18. Warm Up Video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=thyFSZ6a7gg
What do you notice
What is art focused on during the age of Absolutism?
What is the significance of St. Basil’s Cathedral and who built it?

19. Coat of Arms of Romanovs
Czars of Russia
Coat of Arms of Romanovs

20. Ivan “the Terrible” Background Came to power in 1533, at age 3
Mom was regent
Had problems with Boyars (nobles became regents at age 8)
Seized power at age 16 and called self Czar, which means “Caesar” (reference?)
Married Anastasia Romanov
Ivan IV,
The Terrible
Boyar, boyarina

21. Ivan “the Terrible”: The Good Years
Won victories against
the Mongols
Defeated other
Russian states
Added land to
Muscovy
Restricted movement
of peasants
(becoming serfs)

22. Ivan “the Terrible”: The Bad Period
Anastasia died under mysterious circumstances
Mercury poisoning!
Ivan resigned as Czar
Some boyars had betrayed Ivan in a war
Boyars, church, knew Muscovy would collapse without Ivan
Begged him to return
Ivan agreed to return, with some conditions…
Death of Anastasia

23. Ivan the Great: The Bad Period
Formed Oprichnina
“Separate land”
Best parts of Muscovy were put under Ivan’s direct control
Created oprichniki
Ivan’s secret police
Tortured, murdered enemies of Ivan (esp. boyars)
Seized lands and gave to loyal boyars
1581 – killed own son, Ivan, in an argument
Modern interpretation of
symbol of Oprichniki

24. Time of Troubles ( )
Ivan died, 1584; weak successor died in 1598 without heir
No strong leader among boyars = civil war
Rise of “false Dmitris” (claimed to be son of Ivan)
1613 – election of Romanov as Czar
Election of Michael Romanov

25. Activity Compare and Contrast Graphic Organizer.
Russian Absolutism Graphic Organizer
All due EOC.

26. Warm Up How was Ivan the Great considered “great”?
How was Ivan the Terrible considered “terrible”?

27. Let’s jump forward 80 years or so…….
Bear with me.

28. Peter the Great (1672-1725) Became co-tsar in 1682, with brother, Ivan
Regent = aunt Sophia
1689: wrestled control from Sophia, but Peter’s mom stepped in as Regent
1694: Mom died
1696: sole Tsar w/ death of Ivan
Young Peter in full regalia

29. Russia vs. Europe, in 1700 Serfs & boyars Religion isolated Russia
Serfs = peasants tied to land
What was happening in Europe? Rise of middle class!
Religion isolated Russia
Russian Orthodox
Focused on Moscow, not Rome

30. Russia vs. Europe, in 1700
Mongol rule through Golden Horde isolated Russia from Renaissance, Age of Exploration
Geography of Russia isolated it from rest of world
Sheer size of country
Lack of warm water ports = wars vs. Swedes and Ottomans

31. Statue of Peter working as
Peter the Great
“The Great Embassy” ( )
Peter visited the West to build alliance vs. Turks
Also to learn Western customs
Learned techniques of building / manufacturing
Tried to keep identity secret, but…
Goal was to westernize Russia (eventual military, commercial competition w/ West)
Statue of Peter working as
Shipwright in Holland

32. Peter the Great Peter as Absolute Monarch
Eastern Orthodox Church brought under state control
Imposed high taxes on peasants to pay for westernization
Increased size of army and trained it in modern European style
Reduced power of boyars (sound familiar?)

33. Peter the Great Westernization of Russia Introduced potato
Established “Table of Ranks”
Bureaucracy based on merit, not birth
Lessened boyars’ authority, control
Introduced western fashion
Established “beard tax”
Ordered boyars to dress in western fashion
Peter cutting off boyar’s beard

34. Peter the Great Built new capital Old capital, Moscow, was landlocked
Peter wanted “Window to the West” , a port city, as capital
Fought Sweden to gain a warm water port
1703: began construction of St. Petersburg
25-100k serfs died building city
When completed, Peter ordered boyars from Moscow to move to new capital

35. Peter the Great’s Legacy
Died in 1725 w/ no kids; wife became Empress (set precedent)
First Autocrat of Russia
Autocrat = one who rules with unlimited authority, power
Took absolutism to its logical conclusion
Russian tsar became most powerful monarch in Europe, until 1906

36. Mirror Mirror on the Wall
Who’s the fairest Absolute Monarch of them all?
From the list provided, research your favorite absolute monarch.
Provide an image, slogan, map, quote and paragraph about your chosen monarch.