1. Power Struggles in Medieval Europe
Who has power?
Monarchy
(Kings/Royalty)
Nobles
Church
Loyalty from nobles
Support from
Pleasure of King
Army/knights
Courts
taxes
God?
tithes

2. Monarchies in the High Middle Ages
Enjoying greater power
Royal courts
Standing armies
Strengthened ties to middle class

3. English Kings: William the Conqueror
Unifies England
Vassals pledge loyalty before nobles
Domesday Book

4. Henry II
Common Law
Traveling Courts
Jury system
Problems with Church?

5. John & the Magna Carta Rights of nobles, peasants, clergy
Monarchs MUST obey the law
Monarchs must consult with nobles before raising taxes
1st step towards a constitutional monarchy
Parliament

6. France—Capetian Kings
Hereditary Throne
Allied with Church
Gained support of merchants
Positions in government
Pitted nobles vs. each other
Expanded Royal Courts
Eventually end serfdom
BUT…Estates General formed

7. The Holy Roman Empire Emperors crowned by Pope
50 year clash over investiture of bishops
Constant battles to control German & Italian states

8. The Church Innocent III declares pope’s supremacy (late 12th Century)
“The pope stands between God and man, lower than God but higher than men, who judges all & is judged by no one.”