1. MODERNISM, POST-MODERNISM AND CHAOS THEORY
Rajesh Kevin Sanjay

2. “Modernism is not a precise label but instead a way of referring to the efforts of many individuals across the arts who tried to move away from established modes of representations”
By Peter childs, Modernism, 2008

3. What ıs modernısm? Era of Change Philosophical Movement Era of War
Cultural Changes
Political changes
Changes in Belief and Science
Change in way of life
Philosophical Movement
Era of War

4. MODERNITY
Modernity simply refers to a modern time period that is characterized by
capitalism,
rationalism and
the nation state.
Modernity is the modern era of humanity to the degree that such a rapidly evolving notion can be categorized

5. hıstory of modernısm Started between the 19th and 20th century France
Charles Baudelaire
Edouard Manet
Gustave Flaubert
Avant-garde
WWII
Charles Baudelaire in literature and Édouard Manet in painting, and perhaps with Gustave Flaubert, too, in prose fiction
"avant-garde" was what Modernism was called at first, and the term remained to describe movements which identify themselves as attempting to overthrow some aspect of tradition or the status quo.

6. MODERNISM TIMELINE 1914: 1917: 1919: WWI ends,
Outbreak of WWI
1917:
US enters war, Russian Revolution
1919:
WWI ends,
Einstein’s Relativity theory confirmed,
Prohibition begins
1920
League of Nations begins;
19th Amendment granting women the vote

7. MODERNISM TIMELINE 1921; 1922; 1923; 1925
Irish Free State proclaimed
1922;
Fascists march on Rome under Mussolini
1923;
Charleston craze
1925
Image of human face televised
Hitler published Mein Kampf

8. MODERNISM TIMELINE 1927 Lindbergh flies solo across Atlantic
Al Jolson, first talkie
1929
US stock market crashes;
1933
Hitler appointed Chancellor of Germany
First German concentration camps
Prohibition ends in US

9. MODERNISM TIMELINE 1934 1936 1938 Hitler becomes dictator
Civil War in Spain begins
1938
Germany occupies Austria
1939
Hitler and Stalin make pact;
Germany invades Poland
Great Britain and France declare war on Germany

10. MODERNISM TIMELINE 1944 D-Day invasion of France 1941 1942
Germany invades USSR
Japan bombs Pearl Harbor, US enters war
1942
Battle of Stalingrad, Battle of Midway;
T-shirt invented
1944
D-Day invasion of France

11. MODERNISM TIMELINE 1945 End of war in Europe
Atomic bomb dropped on Japan
First computer built
Microwave oven invented
United Nations founded

12. Characterıstıcs of modernısm
Nihilism
Rejection of moral principles
Self-Consciousness
nihilism, the rejection of all religious and moral principles as the only means of obtaining social progress.
A notable characteristic of Modernism is self-consciousness, which often led to experiments with form, along with the use of techniques that drew attention to the processes and materials used in creating a painting, poem, building, etc.

13. What shaped modernısm? Technology Optimism Accelerated way of life
Development of industrial societies
WWI
Influences of Sigmund Freud ( )
Invented the use of psychoanalysis
as a means to study one’s
“unconscious”

14. Post modernısm
It is a late 20th century movement in arts architecture and criticism that was a departure from modernism
The rejection of the scientific canon of the idea that there can be a single coherent rationality or that reality has a unitary nature that can be definitively observed or understood
Started in the 1940s - present
Social theorists grew tired of the mainstream and traditional sociological theories of functionalism, conflict, and symbolic interactionism. This discontent led to development of alternative sociological theories and mirrored western societies’ transitions from “modernity” to “postmodernity”

15. Characteristics of post-modernısm
There is no absolute truth
Truth and error are synonymous
Self conceptualization and rationalization
Traditional authority is false and corrupt
Morality is personal
Globalization
There is no absolute truth - Postmodernists believe that the notion of truth is a contrived illusion, misused by people and special interest groups to gain power over others.  Truth and error are synonymous - Facts, postmodernists claim, are too limiting to determine anything. Changing erratically, what is fact today can be false tomorrow.  Self-conceptualization and rationalization - Traditional logic and objectivity are spurned by postmodernists. Preferring to rely on opinions rather than embrace facts, postmodernist spurn the scientific method.  Traditional authority is false and corrupt - Postmodernists speak out against the constraints of religious morals and secular authority. They wage intellectual revolution to voice their concerns about traditional establishment. 
Morality is personal - Believing ethics to be relative, postmodernists subject morality to personal opinion. They define morality as each person’s private code of ethics without the need to follow traditional values and rules. 
Globalization – Many postmodernists claim that national boundaries are a hindrance to human communication. Nationalism, they believe, causes wars. Therefore, postmodernists often propose internationalism and uniting separate countries

16. Influential postmodern phılosophers
Jacques Derrida ( )
El- Biar, Algeria
Used a deconstructive approach
Jean-Francois Lyotard ( )
Versailles, France
Lectured of topics such as
Post modern conditions
Knowledge and communications
Language metanarratives and legitimization

17. Comparıson of modernısm and post modernısm
Structure opposed to anarchy
Construction opposed to deconstruction
Theory opposed to anti-theory
Interpretation opposed to hostility toward definite interpretation
Meaning opposed to the play of meaning or a refusal to pin down

18. COMPARISON CONT’D
Metanarratives opposed to hostility toward narratives
The search for underlying meaning opposed to a suspicion (or certainty) that this is impossible
Progress opposed to a doubt that progress is possible
Order opposed to subversion
Encyclopaedic knowledge opposed to a web of understanding

19. Crıtıcısm of postmodernısm
Ad hominem tu quoque
Although postmodernism focuses on irrational tendencies and appears to celebrate them, it still uses reason as a tool.
Postmodernists mock the inconsistencies of modernism but are not consistent themselves.
Rejecting criteria for judging questions is not enough; alternatives have to be provided.
-a logical fallacy in which an argument is questioned because the proponent doesn't seem to hold him or herself to it; if the positions are explained carefully, though, there is no requirement for a postmodernist to be consistent if his or her objective is only to show that an idea is flawed

20. Relevancy
• Modernism: 1890s~about 1945 • Postmodernism: after WWII, after 1968 • Modern and postmodern are vague and have been applied to different aspects. • Modernism and postmodernism are usually used to refer the technological advancements and new modes of thinking. (Is a theory or not) • “Modernist thinking is about search of an abstract truth of life; postmodernist thinkers believe that there is no universal truth, abstract or otherwise.” Postmodernist believe the power from hyper-reality and they get highly influenced by mass media.

21. How dıd modernısm and post modernısm change busıness decısıons?

22. Chaos theory Paradigm for the 21 Century Qualitative
Non-linearly and Feedback
Dynamical systems
Qualitative chaos theory explains one class of systems with unpredictable behaviours
Its built on the concepts of non linearly and feedback
Chaos theory is embodied within the mathematical field of dynamical systems

23. CHAOS THEORY
To understand chaos theory we need to understand Newton's Interrelated quantitative measurements
Randomness
Discreteness
Dynamism

24. RANDOMNESS
Error
Whenever a measurement is made the will be some amount of error involved
Statistical analysis was developed in part to characterize such errors
Observed processes are too complex to measure in detail
Statistical analysis helps to show average tendencies

25. dıscreteness Always active
Most processes acting in the world today are continuous
Having incomplete knowledge of what is happening with systems between measurements
Series of events
Some systems are not continuous

26. dynamısm Time is talked about mostly as a human perception
However, processes around us are actively evolving or changing in time

27. Nonlınearly road to chaos
Nonlinearly in mathematics means that future values of a process depends on the past values of the same process
This can be referred to as feedback
Positive feedback means that if a process goes in one direction, nonlinear feedback makes it go that way even faster
Negative feedbacks means that if a process goes in one direction non linear feedback tries to make it go the other way

28. Usage of chaos theory Predicting financial markets
Modelling of manufacturing systems
In a scenario where businesses operating in turbulent, complex and unpredictable environment chaos theory can be very valuable ;
Business strategy
Complex decision making
Social sciences
Stock market behaviour

29. QUESTIONS?