1. Bacteria and our Bodies

2. Random fact
In 2012, scientists found 1,458 new species of bacteria living just in the bellybutton of human beings.
Everyone’s bellybutton ecology is unique like a fingerprint, and one volunteer’s belly button harbored bacteria that had previously been found only in soil from Japan, where he had never been. 

3. Plated Bacteria
Tea tree oil trial
Antibiotic trial
Control trial
Independent variable: Amoxicillin to kill bacteria vs tea tree oil to kill bacteria
Dependant variable: The surface area of bacterial growth
Control variable: Staphylococcus bacteria

4. How would you set up your plates?
Draw your plates how you would set them up

5. Antibiotics Tea tree oil Control Antibiotics: Tea tree oil: Control:
Surface Area of Growth
Morphology Form
Morphology Elevation
Morphology Margin
Gram +/-
Trial 1
22.85 cm²
Circular
Raised
Entire
Positive
Trial 2
35.55 cm²
Trial 3
21.3 cm²
Trial 4
26.2 cm²
Average
26.5 cm²
Antibiotics
Surface Area of Growth
Morphology Form
Morphology Elevation
Morphology Margin
Gram +/-
Trial 1
0 cm²
Circular
Raised
Entire
Positive
Trial 2
Trial 3
Trial 4
Average
Tea tree oil
Surface Area of Growth
Morphology Form
Morphology Elevation
Morphology Margin
Gram +/-
Trial 1
35.0 cm²
Circular
Raised
Entire
Positive
Trial 2
35.8 cm²
Trial 3
24.5 cm²
Trial 4
23.1 cm²
Average
29.6 cm²
Control

6. Safety

7. Archaebacteria Search & Share
Questions:
Genus and Species name
What environment would you find it in?
How does it get nutrition?
How does it contribute to the environment?
Archaebacteria
Methanogenium boonei
Methanococcus aeolicus
Acidilobus saccharovorans
Nitrosopumilus maritimus
Staphylothermus marinus
Sulfolobus acidocaldarius
Vulcanisaeta distributa
Halococcus
Archaeoglobus fulgidus
Ferroglobus placidus
Haloterrigena turkmenica
In table teams, you are to create a whiteboard poster about a specific archaebacteria.
you will share this information out to your classmates (all testable material)
One person at each table present to the class
You are to write notes on each presentation (the basics)
all material is testable
talk loudly and clearly

8. Bacteria and our bodies

9. Bacteria & Disease Bacteria that cause disease = pathogenic
Louis Pasteur was the first person to show that bacteria cause disease
Germ theory of disease

10. How can bacteria harm us?
Only a small number are capable of causing disease
Two ways bacteria can harm us:
Use our tissues as food, results in damaged cells
Mycobacterium tuberculosis destroys lung tissue.
Release of toxins and interfere with normal host activity
Corynebacterium diphtheriae: releases toxins into the bloodstream and cause breathing difficulty, heart failure, paralysis, and death.

11. Body’s Defense Non-specific defenses (fight against all pathogens)
Skin, mucous membranes, sweat, oil, ciliated cells, acidic stomach
Specific defenses (reacts and battles against specific pathogens)
Antibodies (connects to antigens on the pathogen)
special proteins produced by the body which bind to the surface of the bacteria and inactivate it
It takes time for the body to begin to produce antibodies
Memory B cells “remember” antibodies and can begin their production immediately if the same virus re-infects later, preventing a second infection

12. Body’s Defense

13. Other diseases caused by bacteria
Tetanus
Botulism
Chlamydia
Leprosy
Necrotising Fasciitis (flesh eating disease)
Salmonella Food Poisoning

14. Benefits of bacteria Production of food:
Yogurt, cheese, buttermilk, sour cream
Pickles, sauerkraut, vinegar from wine
Use in industry:
Digest petroleum
Removal of waste products and poisons from water
Synthesizing drugs and chemicals
Symbiotic relationships
All of the eukaryote kingdoms
Our own intestines (E. coli)

15. Bacteria in the environment
Nutrient flow:
Recycle, decompose, and break down dead material
Sewage decomposition  purified water, nitrogen gas, carbon dioxide gas
Nitrogen fixation  take nitrogen from the air and convert it to a form plants can use

16. Bacteria in the environment