1. MICROORGANISMS
CHAPTERS 24-28

2. Topics of Study
Bacteria
Viruses
Protozoa
Algae
Fungi

3. Bacteria
Fun Fact: There are over 2 million bacteria living on your face
Fun Fact: A single bacterium can reproduce itself to produce millions of copies in just seven hours after entering the host.

4. Classification Bacteria fall under:
Domain: Bacteria
Kingdom: Archaebacteria (ancient bacteria) and Eubacteria (true bacteria)
Bacteria are the most numerous as well as the oldest living organism

5. Classification in Eubacteria
Bacteria are classified by Gram stain & based upon the presence of peptidoglycan
Gram-positive
Appear purple
Has peptidoglycan
Gram-negative
Appear pink
No peptidoglycan

6. Bacteria In general, bacteria are: Microscopic Unicellular Prokaryotes
Contain no nucleus or membrane-bound organelles

7. Fights off bad bacteria Nitrogen fixation Decomposers
Good Bacteria
Bad Bacteria
Digestive Bacteria
Probiotics
Yogurt (other foods)
Fights off bad bacteria
Nitrogen fixation
Decomposers
Symbiotic relationships
Clean up oil spills
Strep throat
Ear infections
Spoiled food
Foodborne illness
E. coli

8. Bacteria Shape Rod= Bacilli Spheres= Cocci Spirals= Spirilla Found in:
Staphylo – in clusters
Strepto – in chains
Diplo – 2 cells

9. Checkpoint
Who am I?
Shape: __________
Found in: ________

10. I am……
Streptococcus and I cause strep throat

11. Structure Cell Wall maintains shape and form
Endospore protects the cell
Capsules helps evade immune system
Pili help bacteria cling to surfaces
Flagella is used for movement
Plasmids are rings of DNA

12. Reproduction and Growth
Some types of bacteria can reproduce every 20 minutes
Transformation
Takes in DNA from its external environment
Conjugation (sexual reproduction)
Exchange of genetic information by a protein bridge
Binary Fission (asexual reproduction)
Divides in half

13. Binary Fission
is the splitting of a parent cell into two daughter cells

14. Conjugation

15. Transformation
involves bacteria taking up free pieces of DNA secreted by live bacteria or released by dead bacteria. 

16. Human Disease Pathogen Diseases caused by bacteria: Patho = disease
Gen = to make
Diseases caused by bacteria:
Tuberculosis
Bubonic plague
Syphillis/gonorrhea
Cholera
Lyme disease
Botulism
Salmonella
Food poisoning
Antibiotics are used to attack and destroy these bacteria

17. Viruses
Non-living particle composed of a nucleic acid and a protein coat

18. Properties of Viruses Virus= poison in Latin
A non-cellular particle made up of genetic material and protein that can invade living things
consist of 2 major parts - a protein coat or capsid, and DNA or RNA
can only reproduce inside a host cell

19. Properties of Viruses Extremely tiny Can’t move or grow
Specific viruses infect specific organisms
Plant viruses can’t infect an animal
A bacteriophage is a virus that invades bacteria

20. Life Cycles Lytic Cycle - reproduction occurs, cells burst
Lysogenic Cycle - reproduction does not immediately occur (dormancy) 

21. Human Diseases

22. How do vaccines work?
Vaccines are made by growing a weakened or killed form of the virus (often grown in eggs)
This form of the virus is injected into a person's body, which causes an immune response, and immunity to the virus.