1. Selective Breeding and Transgenic Manipulation
How do scientists manipulate the DNA of living cells?

2. Selective Breeding Used by humans
Process of only allowing those animals or plants with wanted characteristics to produce the next generation
Takes advantage of naturally occurring variation

3. Selective breeding techniques
Hybridization
Crossing dissimilar individuals to bring together the best of both organisms
Inbreeding
Continued breeding of individuals with similar characteristics
Ensures unique characteristics are passed on
Risky

4. Other ways to increase variation
Biotechnology: application of technological process to living organisms
Use radiation or chemicals to increase the mutation rate of an organism
Use drugs to produce plants with more chromosomes than normal= larger, stronger plants

5. Transgenic Manipulation
Recall: all living organisms use the same 4 letter code for their DNA!!
Transgenic: organisms that contain gene(s) from other species
Recombinant DNA: DNA joined together from two different organisms

6. Transgenic Manipulation
Plasmid: circular DNA contained in some bacteria and yeast
Genetic marker: gene that makes it possible to distinguish bacteria that carry the plasmid from those that don’t

7. Transgenic Manipulation Technique