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Psychological Research Methods
Norton Media Library Psychological Research Methods 1st Edition by Beth Morling
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Three Claims, Four Validities
Norton Media Library Chapter 3 Three Claims, Four Validities Beth Morling
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“Belly Fat Linked to Dementia, Study Shows”(MSNBC.com, 2010)
“More Than 2 Million U.S. Youths Depressed” (Reuters, 2008) “Debt Stress Causing Health Problems, Poll Finds”(MSNBC.com, 2008) Psychological Research Methods, 1st Edition Copyright © W.W. Norton & Company
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Figure 3. 1 Operationalizing “depression
Figure 3.1 Operationalizing “depression.” A single conceptual variable can be operationalized in a number of ways. Psychological Research Methods, 1st Edition Copyright © W.W. Norton & Company
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Figure 3. 1 Operationalizing “depression
Figure 3.1 Operationalizing “depression.” A single conceptual variable can be operationalized in a number of ways. Psychological Research Methods, 1st Edition Copyright © W.W. Norton & Company
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Figure 3.2 A positive relationship: “Belly fat linked to dementia, study shows.” (Data are fabricated for the purpose of illustration.) Psychological Research Methods, 1st Edition Copyright © W.W. Norton & Company
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Figure 3.3 A negative (inverse) relationship: “heavy cell phone use tied to poor sperm quality.” (Data are for illustration only.) Psychological Research Methods, 1st Edition Copyright © W.W. Norton & Company
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Figure 3.4 A zero relationship: “aDhD drugs not linked to future drug abuse.” (Data are for illustration only.) Psychological Research Methods, 1st Edition Copyright © W.W. Norton & Company
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Figure 3.5 A curvilinear relationship between age and use of health services. High and low values on age are associated with high use of health services. A medium value on age is associated with lower use of health services. Psychological Research Methods, 1st Edition Copyright © W.W. Norton & Company
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Figure 3.6 (a) If we used only the average 2-year-old height to predict Hugo, we would be off by 3 cm; (b) If we know that Hugo’s adult height is in the 25th percentile (172 cm), the best estimation of his height at 2 years is that it was also in the 25th percentile (54 cm). If we used the correla-tion between 2-year-old and 18-year-old height to predict Hugo, we would be off by only 1cm. Source: Centers for Disease Control (2000). Psychological Research Methods, 1st Edition Copyright © W.W. Norton & Company
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Figure 3. 7 Houston rockets bas-ketball player Yao Ming
Figure 3.7 Houston rockets bas-ketball player Yao Ming. Yao Ming, at 7 feet, 5 inches (2.26 meters) tall, is at the 99th percentile for height among young men. How tall would you predict he was as a 2-year-old? Psychological Research Methods, 1st Edition Copyright © W.W. Norton & Company
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Figure 3. 1 Operationalizing “depression
Figure 3.1 Operationalizing “depression.” A single conceptual variable can be operationalized in a number of ways. Psychological Research Methods, 1st Edition Copyright © W.W. Norton & Company
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Figure 3. 1 Operationalizing “depression
Figure 3.1 Operationalizing “depression.” A single conceptual variable can be operationalized in a number of ways. Psychological Research Methods, 1st Edition Copyright © W.W. Norton & Company
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Figure 3. 1 Operationalizing “depression
Figure 3.1 Operationalizing “depression.” A single conceptual variable can be operationalized in a number of ways. Psychological Research Methods, 1st Edition Copyright © W.W. Norton & Company
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Figure 3.8 Schellenberg’s (2004) study of music lessons, including the original caption IQ. What key features of Schel-lenberg’s study made it possible for him to claim that music lessons increase children’s IQ? Psychological Research Methods, 1st Edition Copyright © W.W. Norton & Company
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Figure 3. 9 Debt stress and health problems
Figure 3.9 Debt stress and health problems. When debt stress is associated with health problems, is it clear that the debt stress caused the health problems? Could the health problems lead to debt stress? Could some other variable cause both of these problems? Psychological Research Methods, 1st Edition Copyright © W.W. Norton & Company
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Figure 3. 10 Construct validity in Ybarra and colleagues’ (2008) study
Figure 3.10 Construct validity in Ybarra and colleagues’ (2008) study. In this study, social isolation was operationalized as watching television versus participating in a discussion group. What other ways could psychologists have studied the effects of social isolation? Psychological Research Methods, 1st Edition Copyright © W.W. Norton & Company
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Figure 3. 1 Operationalizing “depression
Figure 3.1 Operationalizing “depression.” A single conceptual variable can be operationalized in a number of ways. Psychological Research Methods, 1st Edition Copyright © W.W. Norton & Company
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