1. Developing a Project Plan
Chapter 6

2. Objectives
Terminology
AOA and AON diagrams
Determining Project Duration, Critical Path
Special

3. Terminology Activity: an element of the project that requires time.
Merge Activity: an activity that has two or more preceding activities on which it depends.
Parallel (Concurrent) Activities: Activities that can occur independently and, if desired, not at the same time. A C B D

4. Terminology Path: a sequence of connected, dependent activities.
Critical path: the longest path through the activity network that allows for the completion of all project-related activities; C A B D
the shortest expected time in which the entire project can be completed. Delays on the critical path will delay completion of the entire project

5. Terminology Slack (or Float) Total slack
The amount of time an activity can be delayed after the start of a longer parallel activity or activities.
Total slack
The amount of time an activity can be delayed without delaying the entire project.

6. Activity Relationships
AOA
AON
The first series of slides presents Figure 4.1. To improve legibility, each portion of the Figure is expanded and presented full screen.
This slide advances automatically. 2

7. Activity Relationships
S precedes T, which precedes U.
AOA
AON 1 2 S 3 T 4 U 3

8. Activity Relationships
S and T must be completed before U can be started.
AOA
AON S T U 1 2 3 4 4

9. Activity Relationships
T and U cannot begin until S has been completed.
AOA
AON T U S 3 4 1 2 5

10. Activity Relationships
U and V cannot begin until both S and T have been completed.
AOA
AON 1 2 4 5 U V S T 3 6

11. Activity Relationships
U cannot begin until both S and T have been completed; V cannot begin until T has been completed.
AOA
AON S T U V 1 3
Dummy 5 2 4 6 7

12. Activity Relationships
T and U cannot begin until S has been completed; V cannot begin until both T and U have been completed.
AOA
AON 1 2 4 3 S T 5 V U
Dummy 8

13. St. Adolf’s Hospital Immediate
Activity Description Predecessor(s) Responsibility
A Select administrative and medical staff.
B Select site and do site survey.
C Select equipment.
D Prepare final construction plans and layout.
E Bring utilities to the site.
F Interview applicants and fill positions in
nursing, support staff, maintenance,
and security.
G Purchase and take delivery of equipment.
H Construct the hospital.
I Develop an information system.
J Install the equipment.
K Train nurses and support staff.
The first step is to create the list of activities and the required predecessors. 10

14. St. Adolf’s Hospital Immediate
Activity Description Predecessor(s) Responsibility
A Select administrative and medical staff. — Johnson
B Select site and do site survey. — Taylor
C Select equipment. A Adams
D Prepare final construction plans and layout. B Taylor
E Bring utilities to the site. B Burton
F Interview applicants and fill positions in A Johnson
nursing, support staff, maintenance,
and security.
G Purchase and take delivery of equipment. C Adams
H Construct the hospital. D Taylor
I Develop an information system. A Simmons
J Install the equipment. E,G,H Adams
K Train nurses and support staff. F,I,J Johnson 11

15. St. Adolf’s Hospital AON Network Immediate
Activity Description Predecessor(s) Responsibility
A Select administrative and medical staff. — Johnson
B Select site and do site survey. — Taylor
C Select equipment. A Adams
D Prepare final construction plans and layout. B Taylor
E Bring utilities to the site. B Burton
F Interview applicants and fill positions in A Johnson
nursing, support staff, maintenance,
and security.
G Purchase and take delivery of equipment. C Adams
H Construct the hospital. D Taylor
I Develop an information system. A Simmons
J Install the equipment. E,G,H Adams
K Train nurses and support staff. F,I,J Johnson
Then a network can be drawn. In fact, this step is not strictly necessary for management purposes and large projects are very difficult to represent in this fashion. But it is helpful to visualize this small project in this way. This series builds Figure 4.2.
This slide advances automatically.
This entire sequence can be automated by selecting automatic advance for each slide and setting the desired delay.
Example 8.1 12

16. St. Adolf’s Hospital AON Network A Immediate
Start A
Immediate
Activity Description Predecessor(s) Responsibility
A Select administrative and medical staff. — Johnson
B Select site and do site survey. — Taylor
C Select equipment. A Adams
D Prepare final construction plans and layout. B Taylor
E Bring utilities to the site. B Burton
F Interview applicants and fill positions in A Johnson
nursing, support staff, maintenance,
and security.
G Purchase and take delivery of equipment. C Adams
H Construct the hospital. D Taylor
I Develop an information system. A Simmons
J Install the equipment. E,G,H Adams
K Train nurses and support staff. F,I,J Johnson
Example 8.1 24

17. St. Adolf’s Hospital AON Network A B Immediate
Start A B
Immediate
Activity Description Predecessor(s) Responsibility
A Select administrative and medical staff. — Johnson
B Select site and do site survey. — Taylor
C Select equipment. A Adams
D Prepare final construction plans and layout. B Taylor
E Bring utilities to the site. B Burton
F Interview applicants and fill positions in A Johnson
nursing, support staff, maintenance,
and security.
G Purchase and take delivery of equipment. C Adams
H Construct the hospital. D Taylor
I Develop an information system. A Simmons
J Install the equipment. E,G,H Adams
K Train nurses and support staff. F,I,J Johnson
Example 8.1 24

18. St. Adolf’s Hospital AON Network A C B Immediate
Start A B C
Immediate
Activity Description Predecessor(s) Responsibility
A Select administrative and medical staff. — Johnson
B Select site and do site survey. — Taylor
C Select equipment. A Adams
D Prepare final construction plans and layout. B Taylor
E Bring utilities to the site. B Burton
F Interview applicants and fill positions in A Johnson
nursing, support staff, maintenance,
and security.
G Purchase and take delivery of equipment. C Adams
H Construct the hospital. D Taylor
I Develop an information system. A Simmons
J Install the equipment. E,G,H Adams
K Train nurses and support staff. F,I,J Johnson
Example 8.1 24

19. St. Adolf’s Hospital AON Network A B C D Immediate
Activity Description Predecessor(s) Responsibility
A Select administrative and medical staff. — Johnson
B Select site and do site survey. — Taylor
C Select equipment. A Adams
D Prepare final construction plans and layout. B Taylor
E Bring utilities to the site. B Burton
F Interview applicants and fill positions in A Johnson
nursing, support staff, maintenance,
and security.
G Purchase and take delivery of equipment. C Adams
H Construct the hospital. D Taylor
I Develop an information system. A Simmons
J Install the equipment. E,G,H Adams
K Train nurses and support staff. F,I,J Johnson
AON Network
Start A B C D
Example 8.1 24

20. St. Adolf’s Hospital AON Network A B C D E Immediate
Start A B C D E
Immediate
Activity Description Predecessor(s) Responsibility
A Select administrative and medical staff. — Johnson
B Select site and do site survey. — Taylor
C Select equipment. A Adams
D Prepare final construction plans and layout. B Taylor
E Bring utilities to the site. B Burton
F Interview applicants and fill positions in A Johnson
nursing, support staff, maintenance,
and security.
G Purchase and take delivery of equipment. C Adams
H Construct the hospital. D Taylor
I Develop an information system. A Simmons
J Install the equipment. E,G,H Adams
K Train nurses and support staff. F,I,J Johnson
Example 8.1 24

21. St. Adolf’s Hospital AON Network A B C D E F Immediate
Start A B C D E F
Immediate
Activity Description Predecessor(s) Responsibility
A Select administrative and medical staff. — Johnson
B Select site and do site survey. — Taylor
C Select equipment. A Adams
D Prepare final construction plans and layout. B Taylor
E Bring utilities to the site. B Burton
F Interview applicants and fill positions in A Johnson
nursing, support staff, maintenance,
and security.
G Purchase and take delivery of equipment. C Adams
H Construct the hospital. D Taylor
I Develop an information system. A Simmons
J Install the equipment. E,G,H Adams
K Train nurses and support staff. F,I,J Johnson
Example 8.1 24

22. St. Adolf’s Hospital AON Network A B C D E F G Immediate
Start A B C D E F G
Immediate
Activity Description Predecessor(s) Responsibility
A Select administrative and medical staff. — Johnson
B Select site and do site survey. — Taylor
C Select equipment. A Adams
D Prepare final construction plans and layout. B Taylor
E Bring utilities to the site. B Burton
F Interview applicants and fill positions in A Johnson
nursing, support staff, maintenance,
and security.
G Purchase and take delivery of equipment. C Adams
H Construct the hospital. D Taylor
I Develop an information system. A Simmons
J Install the equipment. E,G,H Adams
K Train nurses and support staff. F,I,J Johnson
Example 8.1 24

23. St. Adolf’s Hospital AON Network A B C D E F G H Immediate
Start A B C D E F G H
Immediate
Activity Description Predecessor(s) Responsibility
A Select administrative and medical staff. — Johnson
B Select site and do site survey. — Taylor
C Select equipment. A Adams
D Prepare final construction plans and layout. B Taylor
E Bring utilities to the site. B Burton
F Interview applicants and fill positions in A Johnson
nursing, support staff, maintenance,
and security.
G Purchase and take delivery of equipment. C Adams
H Construct the hospital. D Taylor
I Develop an information system. A Simmons
J Install the equipment. E,G,H Adams
K Train nurses and support staff. F,I,J Johnson
Example 8.1 24

24. St. Adolf’s Hospital AON Network A B C D E F G H I Immediate
Start A B C D E F G H I
Immediate
Activity Description Predecessor(s) Responsibility
A Select administrative and medical staff. — Johnson
B Select site and do site survey. — Taylor
C Select equipment. A Adams
D Prepare final construction plans and layout. B Taylor
E Bring utilities to the site. B Burton
F Interview applicants and fill positions in A Johnson
nursing, support staff, maintenance,
and security.
G Purchase and take delivery of equipment. C Adams
H Construct the hospital. D Taylor
I Develop an information system. A Simmons
J Install the equipment. E,G,H Adams
K Train nurses and support staff. F,I,J Johnson
Example 8.1 24

25. St. Adolf’s Hospital AON Network A B C D E F G H I J Immediate
Start A B C D E F G H I J
Immediate
Activity Description Predecessor(s) Responsibility
A Select administrative and medical staff. — Johnson
B Select site and do site survey. — Taylor
C Select equipment. A Adams
D Prepare final construction plans and layout. B Taylor
E Bring utilities to the site. B Burton
F Interview applicants and fill positions in A Johnson
nursing, support staff, maintenance,
and security.
G Purchase and take delivery of equipment. C Adams
H Construct the hospital. D Taylor
I Develop an information system. A Simmons
J Install the equipment. E,G,H Adams
K Train nurses and support staff. F,I,J Johnson
Example 8.1 24

26. St. Adolf’s Hospital AON Network A B C D E F G H I J K Immediate
Start A B C D E F G H I J K
Immediate
Activity Description Predecessor(s) Responsibility
A Select administrative and medical staff. — Johnson
B Select site and do site survey. — Taylor
C Select equipment. A Adams
D Prepare final construction plans and layout. B Taylor
E Bring utilities to the site. B Burton
F Interview applicants and fill positions in A Johnson
nursing, support staff, maintenance,
and security.
G Purchase and take delivery of equipment. C Adams
H Construct the hospital. D Taylor
I Develop an information system. A Simmons
J Install the equipment. E,G,H Adams
K Train nurses and support staff. F,I,J Johnson
Example 8.1 24

27. St. Adolf’s Hospital AON Network A B C D E F G H I J K Finish Start
Immediate
Activity Description Predecessor(s) Responsibility
A Select administrative and medical staff. — Johnson
B Select site and do site survey. — Taylor
C Select equipment. A Adams
D Prepare final construction plans and layout. B Taylor
E Bring utilities to the site. B Burton
F Interview applicants and fill positions in A Johnson
nursing, support staff, maintenance,
and security.
G Purchase and take delivery of equipment. C Adams
H Construct the hospital. D Taylor
I Develop an information system. A Simmons
J Install the equipment. E,G,H Adams
K Train nurses and support staff. F,I,J Johnson
Example 8.1 24

28. St. Adolf’s Hospital AOA Network Immediate
Activity Description Predecessor(s) Responsibility
A Select administrative and medical staff. — Johnson
B Select site and do site survey. — Taylor
C Select equipment. A Adams
D Prepare final construction plans and layout. B Taylor
E Bring utilities to the site. B Burton
F Interview applicants and fill positions in A Johnson
nursing, support staff, maintenance,
and security.
G Purchase and take delivery of equipment. C Adams
H Construct the hospital. D Taylor
I Develop an information system. A Simmons
J Install the equipment. E,G,H Adams
K Train nurses and support staff. F,I,J Johnson
For comparison we build an AOA network of the same project.
This series builds Figure 4.3.
This slide advances automatically.
Example 8.1 25

29. St. Adolf’s Hospital AOA Network 2 A Start 1 Immediate
Activity Description Predecessor(s) Responsibility
A Select administrative and medical staff. — Johnson
B Select site and do site survey. — Taylor
C Select equipment. A Adams
D Prepare final construction plans and layout. B Taylor
E Bring utilities to the site. B Burton
F Interview applicants and fill positions in A Johnson
nursing, support staff, maintenance,
and security.
G Purchase and take delivery of equipment. C Adams
H Construct the hospital. D Taylor
I Develop an information system. A Simmons
J Install the equipment. E,G,H Adams
K Train nurses and support staff. F,I,J Johnson
Example 8.1 32

30. St. Adolf’s Hospital AOA Network 2 A Start 1 B 4 Immediate
Activity Description Predecessor(s) Responsibility
A Select administrative and medical staff. — Johnson
B Select site and do site survey. — Taylor
C Select equipment. A Adams
D Prepare final construction plans and layout. B Taylor
E Bring utilities to the site. B Burton
F Interview applicants and fill positions in A Johnson
nursing, support staff, maintenance,
and security.
G Purchase and take delivery of equipment. C Adams
H Construct the hospital. D Taylor
I Develop an information system. A Simmons
J Install the equipment. E,G,H Adams
K Train nurses and support staff. F,I,J Johnson
Example 8.1 32

31. St. Adolf’s Hospital AOA Network 2 C A 3 Start 1 5 B D 4 Immediate
Activity Description Predecessor(s) Responsibility
A Select administrative and medical staff. — Johnson
B Select site and do site survey. — Taylor
C Select equipment. A Adams
D Prepare final construction plans and layout. B Taylor
E Bring utilities to the site. B Burton
F Interview applicants and fill positions in A Johnson
nursing, support staff, maintenance,
and security.
G Purchase and take delivery of equipment. C Adams
H Construct the hospital. D Taylor
I Develop an information system. A Simmons
J Install the equipment. E,G,H Adams
K Train nurses and support staff. F,I,J Johnson
Example 8.1 32

32. St. Adolf’s Hospital AOA Network F A B C D H E G I Start 1 8 2 3 7 6 54
Immediate
Activity Description Predecessor(s) Responsibility
A Select administrative and medical staff. — Johnson
B Select site and do site survey. — Taylor
C Select equipment. A Adams
D Prepare final construction plans and layout. B Taylor
E Bring utilities to the site. B Burton
F Interview applicants and fill positions in A Johnson
nursing, support staff, maintenance,
and security.
G Purchase and take delivery of equipment. C Adams
H Construct the hospital. D Taylor
I Develop an information system. A Simmons
J Install the equipment. E,G,H Adams
K Train nurses and support staff. F,I,J Johnson
Example 8.1 32

33. St. Adolf’s Hospital AOA Network F A B C D H E G J I Start 1 8 2 3 7 65 4
Immediate
Activity Description Predecessor(s) Responsibility
A Select administrative and medical staff. — Johnson
B Select site and do site survey. — Taylor
C Select equipment. A Adams
D Prepare final construction plans and layout. B Taylor
E Bring utilities to the site. B Burton
F Interview applicants and fill positions in A Johnson
nursing, support staff, maintenance,
and security.
G Purchase and take delivery of equipment. C Adams
H Construct the hospital. D Taylor
I Develop an information system. A Simmons
J Install the equipment. E,G,H Adams
K Train nurses and support staff. F,I,J Johnson
Example 8.1 32

34. St. Adolf’s Hospital AOA Network F A B C D H E G J I Dummy Start 1 8 23 7 6 5 4
Immediate
Activity Description Predecessor(s) Responsibility
A Select administrative and medical staff. — Johnson
B Select site and do site survey. — Taylor
C Select equipment. A Adams
D Prepare final construction plans and layout. B Taylor
E Bring utilities to the site. B Burton
F Interview applicants and fill positions in A Johnson
nursing, support staff, maintenance,
and security.
G Purchase and take delivery of equipment. C Adams
H Construct the hospital. D Taylor
I Develop an information system. A Simmons
J Install the equipment. E,G,H Adams
K Train nurses and support staff. F,I,J Johnson
Example 8.1 31

35. St. Adolf’s Hospital AOA Network F A B C D H E G K J I Finish 9 Dummy
Start 1 8 2 3 7 6 5 4
Figure 8.5
Immediate
Activity Description Predecessor(s) Responsibility
A Select administrative and medical staff. — Johnson
B Select site and do site survey. — Taylor
C Select equipment. A Adams
D Prepare final construction plans and layout. B Taylor
E Bring utilities to the site. B Burton
F Interview applicants and fill positions in A Johnson
nursing, support staff, maintenance,
and security.
G Purchase and take delivery of equipment. C Adams
H Construct the hospital. D Taylor
I Develop an information system. A Simmons
J Install the equipment. E,G,H Adams
K Train nurses and support staff. F,I,J Johnson
Example 8.1 32

36. St. Adolf’s Hospital Forward Pass: Earliest Start & Earliest Finish12 K 6 C 10 G 35 J 4 H 40 B 9 D E 24 I 15 F
Finish
Start
Forward Pass:
Earliest Start
&
Earliest Finish
We can calculate the earliest possible starting times and earliest possible finishing times for each activity. 45

37. St. Adolf’s Hospital Backward Pass: Latest Start and12 K 6 C 10 G 35 J 4 H 40 B 9 D E 24 I 15 F
Backward Pass:
Latest Start
and
Latest Finish Times
Start
Finish
In much the same fashion, late start and late finish times can be calculated working backward through the network. This is Example 4.3 in the text.
This slide advances automatically. 55

38. Special Laddering Lags Hammock
Activities are broken into segments so the following activity can begin sooner and not delay the work.
Lags
The minimum amount of time a dependent activity must be delayed to begin or end.
Hammock
Laddering – example painting 3 rooms (prepare – paint ceiling and walls – paint trim
Prepare: Room Paint # Trim
Prepare room #2 then paint then trim
Prepare room #3 then paint then trim
Where each expert, finishes one room, can start working on next room. So to complete shortest amount of time and best use of resources
Lags –
Lengthy activities are broken down to reduce the delay in the start of successor activities.
Lags can be used to constrain finish-to-start, start-to-start, finish-to-finish, start-to-finish, or combination relationships.
Hammock Activity
An activity that spans over a segment of a project.
Duration of hammock activities is determined after the network plan is drawn.
Hammock activities are used to aggregate sections of the project to facilitate getting the right amount of detail for specific sections of a project.

39. Any questions?