1. Sit in your semester 1 seats for today.
Welcome back!
Sit in your semester 1 seats for today.

2. History of the Americas
Internal Assessment

3. DEADLINEs Topic question – January 9, 2015 Final copy – March 13, 2015
Follow all checkpoint guidelines on handout!

4. Scope of the historical investigation
You are required to:
undertake a historical investigation using a good range of historical sources
focus on a topic or event with a cut-off date that is at least 10 years before the submission date for the investigation; therefore, an investigation submitted in 2015 would have a cut-off date of 2005.
provide a title for the historical investigation that should be framed as a question
produce a written account of between 1,500‑2,000 words for HL
The historical investigation will be internally assessed by me and externally moderated by IB.
The IA is worth 20% of your final grade history grade
Your IA question/topic is due on an index card, Monday January 9th!

5. Source Requirements Need to use at least TEN sources
Need to use at least one primary source
At least five sources must be books or historical journals (online journals are acceptable)
Thus, no more than five websites used, unless more than ten sources total
No general encyclopedias or textbooks
Secondary sources cannot have a copyright earlier than 1975
Citation format for all sources needs to remain consistent
Keep track of all sources used; don’t wait until last minute to compile a bibliography
Watch for biases & opinions in sources – try and get different views/ideas on topic

6. Research question Your RQ needs to be historically debatable.
There should be no answer to the question…… it is your job to use evidence/analysis to reach a conclusion.
Must be narrow and focused!
Should be of interest to you

7. You be the judge…..
How did the passing of women’s suffrage affect women’s social freedoms within the 1930’s?
Why did Germany lose WWII?
How much did the U.S. Government differ from the British Royal empire after the Revolutionary War?
To what extent was Stalin’s collectivization successful?
Was the atomic destruction of Hiroshima and Nagasaki the most prudent way to end WWII?
To what extent did Gandhi’s experiences in South Africa influence his method of nonviolent resistance?

8. Advice (Do’s) Formatting for all sections needs to be the same!
Keep track of your bibliography as you are working, do not leave it to the last minute (not all sources will be used)
A bibliography or list of sources and all citations, using the MLA method, must be included
Any illustrations, documents, or other supporting evidence should be included in an appendix. None of these will form part of the word count but do not use this for crucial information to your analysis. It is not intended as a dumping ground if you go over the word limit!
Organize your time and set clear objectives – if you aren’t meeting these seek help.
Keep the mark scheme with you at all times and refer to it often.
Be prepared to modify your topic; can’t be the same as another student and needs to be specific enough. It also may be changed as you research progresses.

9. Are you ready for more ia fun?!?!?! 
No bellwork today!
Instead, I just want you to see what an example IA looks like. Turn to page 151 in the Assessment Guide and browse through the example. You do NOT have to read it, I just want you to get a feel for formatting & the required components.
We will continue to discuss the IA requirements shortly!

10. Internal Assessment Criteria
The historical investigation is assessed against six criteria that are related to the objectives for the Diploma Programme history course. By dividing the IA into six criteria, you have to show your skills!
Criterion A Plan of the investigation 3 marks
Criterion B Summary of evidence 6 marks
Criterion C Evaluation of sources 5 marks
Criterion D Analysis 6 marks
Criterion E Conclusion 2 marks
Criterion F Sources and word limit 3 marks
Total 25 marks

11. A Plan of the investigation: The method; HOW you plan to cover/research the topic. For example: if IA topic is on the impact of the radio on sports, then you need to tell me HOW you plan to cover the topic, HOW will you research this? (Using journals, tapings from broadcasts, etc.)
Marks Level descriptor
0 There is no plan of the investigation, or it is wrong
1 The research question, method and scope of the investigation are not clearly mentioned
2 The research question is clearly mentioned. The method and scope of the investigation are discussed and related to the research question.
3 The research question is clearly stated. The method and scope of the investigation are fully developed and closely focused on the research question.

12. Tips for part A
Be concise - ALL OF THIS MUST BE DONE IN ONE PARAGRAPH!
words
Clearly show what you are going to address in the investigation. In other words, what methods will you use to argue your thesis effectively?
DON’T say you are going to “summarize the evidence, evaluate sources, and analyze to support my conclusion.”
Be objective – don’t exaggerate. For instance, don’t say “it will be proven that……”
Essentially there are three steps you must cover in part A – 1. Brief background/contextual information is provided about the importance of the topic or situation  thesis and question are presented
2. Scope is clearly defined
3. Methods/strategies used in investigation are explained

13. B Summary of evidence: Similar to plan of investigation, but is limited to specifics. Part A is HOW you’re going to research, part B is WHAT you’re covering in your research. For example, Radio’s impact on baseball during the 1920’s. Be specific!
Marks Level descriptor
0 There are no facts/material relating to your topic
1–2 There are some relevant facts but it has not been referenced.
3–4 There are relevant facts which clearly shows evidence of research, organization and referencing.
5–6 The factual material is all relevant to the investigation and it has been well researched, organized and correctly referenced.

14. Tips for Part B EXACTLY as it sounds – Summary of your evidence
words
Use evidence and citations within this part
Show the origins of each statement. For example:
Laver argued that the Five Year Plan was well organized (Laver, 45).
This will be where you summarize the majority of your research (anything you want to analyze in D)
Show use of variety of sources
DO NOT GET THIS CONFUSED WITH THE ANALYSIS!!!

15. SAMPLE OF IN-TEXT CITATIONS (REFERENCES)
In 1999, historian Robert Smith argued that “Stalin was both cunning and opportunistic in his quest for power” (177).
As one historian suggests “Stalin was both cunning and opportunistic in his quest for power” (Smith, 177).
Historian Robert Smith claims that: “Stalin was both cunning and opportunistic in his quest for power. He saw the faults in Trotsky’s personality and exploited them for his own political advantage ” (177).
In his book The Rise and Fall of the Soviet Empire, historian Smith comments that Stalin “was cunning….and opportunistic” (177).
Stalin was able to take advantages of situations for his own gain (Smith, 177).
9/18/2018
History IA 15

16. Tips for Part C - OPVL 250-400 words Analysis of two sources
Choose either your two most appropriate, most controversial, most valuable, or most opposed sources to analyze
Be sure to include title, publisher, author, date of publishing for each source followed by a paragraph of analysis for each
Analyze thoroughly using OPVL in your assessment (origins, purpose, value, limitations)

17. C Evaluation of sources
Marks Level descriptor OPVL
0 There is no description or evaluation of the sources.
1 The sources are described but there is no reference to their origin, purpose, value and limitation.
2–3 There is some evaluation of the sources but reference to their origin, purpose, value and limitation may be limited.
4–5 There is evaluation of the sources and explicit reference to their origin, purpose, value and limitation.

18. COMMON MISHAPS – B & C
“Citations should always come after the sentence, with a period following the quote” (author, page).
All evidence needs to be cited!
No analysis! Make no conclusions! Everything you present in B is evidence!
Need to use a variety of sources.
All aspects of the question need to be presented as evidence (*extent)
OPVL is an analysis NOT a summary
Origin should include background of the author and source
Limitation needs to be explained – exactly HOW & WHY does that limit the source? Just because it’s secondary does NOT automatically limit it!
It may be helpful to edit part B before you start D.

19. Analysis or Summary
The Five Year Plan was a series of nation-wide centralized economic policies that were implemented in the Soviet Union starting in 1928.
The Five- year plan was well organized and helped to increase the prestige of the USSR abroad.
A turning point in WWII was the Battle of Stalingrad, which halted Hitler’s Eastern advance.
If Hitler maintained his alliance with Stalin and did not invade the Soviet Union, the outcome of WWII would undoubtedly be different.

20. OPVL
Origin – who created it? When? Where? Is there anything about the author that is important to investigation? (ex: general, politician, socialist, etc.)
Purpose – be able to think like the author: why was it created? What was the intent? Who is the audience? Can it tell you more than is on the surface?
Value – Based on who wrote it, when/where/why it was written, what value does this document have? What is the context – bring in outside information! What can we tell about the time period from the source? What was going on in history at the time the piece was created and how does this piece accurately reflect it?
Limitation – What part of the story can we NOT tell from the document? Does it inaccurately reflect anything? What is not addressed? What does the author leave out and why? (If you are going to comment on the bias, you must go into detail… Who is it biased towards? Against? Why?)
You are, in a sense, becoming an expert on these sources!!!

21. Why are these statements good?
The author, Arther Ferrill, is a current professor at the University of Washington. He received his PhD in ancient military history from the University of Illinois, and he is a respected expert in the field of Ancient Rome and military history.
The book was written by Robert Brigham, who has a PhD from the University of Kentucky and worked for Professor George Herring, a Vietnam War expert. He learned the Vietnamese language and frequently speaks at Vietnam War conferences.

22. What is wrong with these statements?
“This source is valuable because it gives a wide variety of information and uses multiple primary sources.”
“The source is limited because it contains bias by the author.”
“The authors are persuaded by the situation that happened.”
“Communist rule isn’t typically considered a good thing….”

23. Tips for Part D
words
Should include importance of the investigation in historical context, analysis of the evidence, and if appropriate, different interpretations
In this section, the elements of the investigation identified in section B will be broken down into key issues/points and analyzed
Where appropriate, links can be made with associated events to aide the understanding of the historical importance of the topic

24. D Analysis Spend serious time on this!
Marks Level descriptor
0 There is no analysis.
1–2 There is some attempt at analysing the evidence presented in section B.
3–4 There is analysis of the evidence presented in section B and references are included. You might show some awareness of the importance to the investigation of the sources evaluated in section C. Where appropriate, different interpretations are considered.
5–6 There is critical analysis of the evidence presented in section B, accurate referencing, and an awareness of the importance to the IA of the sources evaluated in section C. Where appropriate, different interpretations are analysed.

25. Examples of analytical or inferential statements
Stalin’s first five-year plan was a big success, but the success would not continue.
The positions he held enabled Stalin to successfully maneuver his loyal following into places of power. Ultimately, such actions had a profound effect on his rise to power.
Stalin was a manipulative, yet successful politician. He waited to hear what others had to say before figuring out a way to use the situation to benefit his own interests
The Five- year plan was well organized and helped to increase the prestige of the USSR abroad.
The Red Army suffered a grave loss at Stalingrad that had a significant effect on Stalin’s attitude to the war.
As Laver argued, Trotsky’s organizational skills helped him to lead the Red Army successfully.
Both of these situations were crucially important to Trotsky’s defeat and the success of Stalin.
9/18/2018
History IA 25

26. E Conclusion: How each of the resources and analysis fits together
Marks Level descriptor
0 There is no conclusion, or the conclusion is not related.
1 The conclusion is stated but is not entirely consistent with the evidence presented.
2 The conclusion is clearly stated and consistent with the evidence presented.

27. Tips for Part E
words
This section is a follow-up to section D. It requires an answer or conclusion, based on the evidence presented, which either fully, or partially, addresses the question stated in the investigation
Must be clearly stated and consistent with the evidence presented

28. F Sources and word limit
Marks Level descriptor
0 A list of sources is not included or the investigation is not within the word limit.
1 A list of sources is included but these are limited or one standard method* is not used consistently or the word count is not clearly and accurately stated on the title page.
2 A list of sources using one standard method* is included and the investigation is within the word limit.
3 A suitable list of sources, using one standard method*, is included. The investigation is within the word limit.
*We use the MLA method

29. Tips for Part F Everything needs to be cited in the same format!
Always indent the second line of the citation
Divide the citations based on source type
Book
Web
Primary
All ten sources need to be alphabetized
Refer to your bibliography sheet for formatting examples
By this point, you should’ve already cited everything in your annotated bibliography, so you can remove the annotations, and use just the citations!
Does NOT count towards the word count

30. Appendix
This will could be included if you make reference to graphs, charts, maps, pictures, propaganda, etc.
Remember, this does NOT count towards your 2,000 words

31. DATE ADJUSTEMENTS Monday March 3 – parts D, E & F due (?/label/wd.ct.)
Office hours this Saturday March 1st from 3-5 at UA library (the last office hours will be Sunday March 9th)
Monday March 10 – One typed complete draft due for peer editing
Title page
Word Count
Sections must be labeled
All sections must be edited prior
Friday March 14 – Final IA due

32. Disclaimer
As your history teacher, I can ONLY read ONE draft per criterion. During this process, I am ONLY able to make general comments regarding content.

33. Ia PARTS d, e, f Part D Parts E & F A: 6-5 (20-18) B: 4 (17-16)
C: 3 (15-14)
D: 2 (13-12)
F: 1 (11-1)
E = 2 points
Brief summary and restatement of the question
Answer
F = 3 points
Word Count
Correct MLA formatting
Validity of sources

34. Common mishaps D-F B vs. D confusion
D is analysis ONLY!!! Too much summary
If you are arguing “to what extent” there needs to be consideration of a counter-argument or counter-points
In E – come right out with your answer! You don’t need to summarize the entire IA again.
E should be a logical follow-up to D
In F – categorize your sources: book, internet sources, primary, etc. Everything should be alphabetized – double check correct MLA format

35. Rough draft: Mon. 3/10 Office Hours?!?!? Title Page Table of Contents
Each section is labeled & formatting is consistent
Page numbers
Appendix with explanations
Correct bibliography
This will be the last time someone will read your entire IA…..make it count! Make it as close to the final as possible. Make all corrections this weekend!

36. EXAMPLE APPENDIX PAGE:
Photograph A: New tractors being driven from a factory in 1935 (Traynor, 188)
Photograph B: Propaganda poster promoting Stalin as “one of the workers” (Jones, 275)
9/18/2018
History IA 36

37. REMEMBER: YOU MUST BE AWARE OF ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS WHEN UNDERTAKING ANY INVESTIGATION. YOU MUST SHOW SENSITIVITY AND RESPECT CONFIDENTIALITY.

38. Title Page
Your title page must include your topic question, name, IB candidate number, date, and word count.
Keep in mind….. Footnotes, title, bibliography, and appendix do NOT count towards the word count
Choosing an appropriate title will lead to an appropriate investigation.
YOU DECIDE!! Which title is probably easier to investigate and discuss effectively within the 2000 word limit???
1. An investigation into African warfare: Why did the British army struggle in Southern Africa in the 1860’s?
2. An investigation into African colonial warfare: To what extent was the defeat of the British by the Zulu at Isandlwna in 1879 due to the mistakes made by Lord Chemlsford?
Make sure your title is focused and narrow enough to ensure your discussion/analysis are not vague

39. Student name: George Washington
YOUR TITLE PAGE REQUIREMENTS To what extent does Ms. Bruggeman’s awesomeness influence students’ historical understanding?
Student name: George Washington
Candidate Number:
11 January 2014
Word Count: 1897

40. KEEP FORMATTING CONSISTENT!!!!

41. Useful websites
› International Baccalaureate › History

42. You be the judge…..
How did the passing of women’s suffrage affect women’s social freedoms within the 1930’s?
Why did Germany lose WWII?
How much did the U.S. Government differ from the British Royal empire after the Revolutionary War?
To what extent was Stalin’s collectivization successful?
Was the atomic destruction of Hiroshima and Nagasaki the most prudent way to end WWII?
To what extent did Gandhi’s experiences in South Africa influence his method of nonviolent resistance?

43. Annotated bibliography – due 1/30
What is an annotated bibliography?
a list of citations to books, articles, and documents. Each citation is followed by a brief (usually about one paragraph) descriptive and evaluative paragraph, the annotation.
Calls for the application of a variety of intellectual skills: ability to explain/summarize, analyze, and complete research
What is the purpose of an annotated bibliography?
The purpose of the annotation is to inform the reader/student of the relevance, accuracy, and quality of the sources cited
Annotations are descriptive and critical; they expose the author‘s point of view, clarity and appropriateness of expression, and authority.
Annotations are NOT to be confused with an abstract (purely descriptive summaries often found at the beginning of a piece of scholarly work)

44. Steps for creating an annotated bibliography
Research, locate and record citations in books, journals, websites that may contain important information on your topic.
Briefly review and examine the documents
Cite the document using MLA format
Write a concise annotation that summarizes the central theme and scope of the book or article. Include one or more sentences that (a) evaluate the authority or background of the author, (b) comment on the intended audience, (c) compare or contrast this work with another you have cited, or (d) explain how this work relates to your topic/will be used in your IA

45. Mphahlele, Es’Kia. Down Second Avenue. (New York, Penguin Group: 2013)
Mphahlele, Es’Kia. Down Second Avenue. (New York, Penguin Group: 2013). Pgs This source is a memoir by Mphahlele who was raised in apartheid-era Africa and worked as an English/Afrikaans teacher, until he was exiled, and eventually awarded the order of the Southern Cross by Nelson Mandela. This book covers his personal struggles with racism, justice, and judgment by the Caucasian people, with regards to social/gender issues. This book is valuable to the investigation because it shows a first hand perspective on the topic and gives an insight directly into the citizens who struggled under apartheid.

46. Annotated Bibliography Example
Waite, L. J., Goldschneider, F. K., & Witsberger, C. Nonfamily living and the erosion of traditional family orientations among young adults. (New York: American Sociological Review, 1986) pgs
The authors, researchers at the Rand Corporation and Brown University, use data from the National Longitudinal Surveys of Young Women and Young Men to test their hypothesis that nonfamily living by young adults alters their attitudes, values, plans, and expectations, moving them away from their belief in traditional sex roles. They find their hypothesis strongly supported in young females, while the effects were fewer in studies of young males. Increasing the time away from parents before marrying increased individualism, self-sufficiency, and changes in attitudes about families. In contrast, an earlier study by Williams cited below shows no significant gender differences in sex role attitudes as a result of nonfamily living.

47. Mphahlele, Es’Kia. Down Second Avenue. (New York: Penguin Books, 2013)
Mphahlele, Es’Kia. Down Second Avenue. (New York: Penguin Books, 2013). Mphahlele is an author who grew up in segregated South Africa and was an English teacher who lived during the apartheid era. This book is a memoir of his life and experiences growing up in segregated South Africa. This source is of value to this investigation because it gives a first-hand perspective of the challenges faced by citizens living during the apartheid era.