1. Many Cultures Meet
Chapter 1 Section 1

2. Focus Question:
What were the causes and effects of European arrival in the Americas?

3. The American Indians
Arrived in the Americas between 40,000 and 15,000 years ago
Land bridge across Bering Strait
Diverse groups, some common traits
Clans: extended family groups with a common ancestor
Similar religious beliefs
Agriculture, hunting, gathering, and fishing

4. The Europeans The Renaissance changes Europe
Scientific advances and wealth → exploration
Nations compete for trade routes
Age of Exploration to voyage of discovery
Portugal takes the lead

5. The West Africans Portuguese reach West African kingdoms
Greatly expand slave trade
Colonial plantations create demand for slaves
Middle Passage: voyage from Africa to the Americas used to transport slaves

6. First Encounters Christopher Columbus Conquistadores
Sailed for Spain
Landed in Caribbean
Conquistadores
Spanish invaders
Expanded Spanish empire
Columbian Exchange
Triangular Trade

7. European Colonies in the Americas
Jamestown 1607: first successful English settlement
Joint-stock company: investors that share profits and losses
Business investment
Charter: certificate of permission from the king
House of Burgess: elected legislature that governed the colony

8. New England Colonies Puritans: fled from religious persecution
Mayflower Compact: framework for self-government
Supplemented farming with ship building
Boston: major port

9. New England Colonies cont’d
Puritans made their own clothes
Grew their own food
Corn and wheat were plentiful
Excess was shipped to England

10. The Middle Colonies Motivation: mixture of religious freedom and money
Economy: part agricultural, part industrial
Farms grew wheat and other grains
Factories produced iron and textiles
Trade with England was plentiful

11. The Southern Colonies Motivation: money
Economy: almost entirely agricultural
Plantations: large farms (several acres)
Staple crops: tobacco, rice, cotton
Cash Crops: crops grown for money not food
Education:
Girls: educated in the fine arts
Boys: educated in the sciences

13. Southern Need for Labor
Indentured Servants: people who worked under contract (usually 7 years) in exchange for transportation, food, shelter
Enslaving Native Americans
Southern colonies became key participants in the Triangular Trade → slave labor

14. Men in Colonial America
White colonists had it better
Ate better
Lived longer
Had more children to help with the work
Boys became apprentices
Apprentice: work under another person in exchange for learning a trade
Colleges reserved for the wealthy

15. Women in Colonial America
Girls not allowed to go to school
Women juggled a variety of tasks
Cooking, gardening, washing, cleaning, weaving/sewing
Supported each other in childbirth
No political equity
Could not hold public office, vote, or be on a jury
Could not own land in their name

16. England’s Colonial Policies
Perfect trading partnership for England
Colonies supplied England with raw materials
Colonies bought large supply of English goods
English policies based on 3 things:
Salutary Neglect: gave colonies economic freedom
Balance of trade: export v. import
Mercantilism: emphasis on profit