1. Wilsonian Progressivism at Home and Abroad
Chapter 30

2. Election of 1912 The Characters William Taft Theodore Roosevelt
Won Rep. nomination after T.R. “withdrew”
Theodore Roosevelt
Progressive Party (“Bull Moose” Party)
Woodrow Wilson
Democrat
Eugene Debs
Socialist Party

3. Taft - Republican

4. Roosevelt
Progressive

5. Wilson - Democrat

6. Debs - Socialist

7. New Nationalism v. New Freedom
Both favor more active role of govt in economic and social affairs
New Nationalism-Roosevelt
Govt takes larger role in business regulation, women vote and fed. Assist to the needy
Powerful Fed. Government = regulation of economy and promote social justice
New Freedom-Wilson
Smaller reformed govt., support for small business, economic competition

8. Woodrow Wilson – 28th president

9. Wilson as President Smart, academic Cold in public Led by morals
Inflexible
Did not compromise
Anti-imperialist

10. “Triple Wall of Privilege” War
Tariffs
Underwood Tariff Bill (1913) – Reduced tariff rates, but kept prices of goods low
16th amendment – income tax
Banks, he felt money supply was problem
Federal Reserve Act, 1913
Trusts, curb the power of monopolies
Clayton Anti-Trust Act, 1914
Federal Trade Commission Act, 1914
Samuel Gompers

11. The Federal Reserve Act
Created Federal Reserve Board
12 regional banks that issued Federal Reserve notes (dollar bills)
Made currency and credit more “elastic”-mobilized in times of financial stress

12. The Federal Trade Commission Act
Presidential Commission examined interstate commerce laws and companies
Root out unfair trade practices such as false advertising, mislabeling, consumer fraud
Root out unlawful competition

13. Clayton Anti-Trust Act of 1914
Outlawed interlocking directories and pure discrimination
“Magna Carta” of the labor movement
Exempted labor unions and agriculture from Anti-Trust laws
the act specified that “the labor of a human being is not a commodity or article of commerce; nothing contained in the antitrust laws shall be construed to forbid the existence and operation of labor organizations... nor shall such organizations or the members thereof be held or construed to be illegal combinations In restraint of trade under the antitrust laws.”

14. Wilson’s Acts...at home La Follette Seamen’s Act 1915
Fair treatment and wages on ships
Federal Farm Loan Act 1916
Low interest loans to farmers
Warehouse Act of 1916
Loans on the security of staple crops
Workingmen’s Compensation Act 1916
Adamson Act 1916
8hr work day for train workers in interstate commerce

15. “Black Progressivism”/ Louis Brandeis
Wilson did not do well with “Black Progressivism”
Louis Brandeis
First Jewish Supreme Court Justice

16. NEW DIRECTION IN FOREIGN POLICY: Wilson’s “Moral Diplomacy”
Believed imperialism was immoral
Wilson did not embrace Taft’s “Dollar Diplomacy” or T.R.’s “Big Stick”
Jones Act, 1916
Made Philippines a territory, promoted independence as soon as Philippines had stable government

17. Wilson…Abroad Repealed Panama Canal Tolls Act Haiti Virgin Islands
Helping Haiti or Helping Ourselves?
Virgin Islands
Purchased from Denmark for $25 million

18. Moralistic Diplomacy in Mexico
In 1913 Mexican rebels (prompted by U.S. ambassador) overthrew a government friendly to the United States and placed Victoriano Huerta.
Wilson didn’t want to get involved but sent munitions to Huerta’s rivals
President Wilson refused to recognize the new Mexican government.
Mass immigration of Mexicans to US

19. TAMPICO INCIDENT
Wilson ordered Marines to take Vera Cruz because of arrest of Americans.
And to prevent arming of Mexicans
Carranza and Huerto protested bitterly.
It was finally mediated by the A.B.C. Powers.
(Argentina, Brazil, and Chile)
Shortly after Huerto collapsed and was replaced by Carranza whom President Wilson reluctantly supported.

20. Pancho Villa
Hoping to start a war with America, “the bandit” Pancho Villa killed 16 Americans in Northern Mexico and 19 Americans at Columbus, New Mexico. Wilson sent John Pershing after “the bandit” Pancho Villa. The Mexican terrorist was never found.

21. Great War and Initial Neutrality
Serb patriot killed heir to the Austria-Hungary throne
Germany and Austria-Hungary sent message to Serbia
Serbia backed by Russia set eyes on Germany
Germany attacked France through Belgium
Great Britain joined with France
Gavrilo Princip
Archduke Francis Ferdinand

22. Europe Before WWI

24. American Neutrality
Most Americans felt US interests were not in danger
Both central and allied powers wanted US help
Allies – told US of German atrocities
Central – relied on German-Americans for sympathy
Americans were anti-German
Against Kaiser Wilhelm II, against U boats

25. American Economy
Recession due to drain of hard currency as European nations needed debt repay
Loss of overseas market for US products
By 1915, US was providing munitions and food to France and England, which helped the economy

26. German Reaction
1915 –Germany announces submarine war area around British isles
90 ships sunk in first few months
Sinking of Lusitania, luxury liner, 130 Americans dead
Sinking of Arabic, 2 Americans dead
Wilson demands Germany stop sinking unarmed passenger ships w/out warning
diplomatic relations w Germany

27. Wilson’s Reaction 1916, Sinking of Sussex, killed 4 Americans
Wilson issues the Sussex Ultimatum
Unless Germany stops sinking merchant ships without warning, US will break diplomatic relations
Germany agreed to stop sub. warfare but only if US convinced Britain to lift its blockade
U.S did nothing
FINAL STRAW: 1917 Unrestricted sub warfare and Germany trying to get Mexico to help

28. Election of 1916 Wilson: “He Kept us Out of War”
Roosevelt refused to run as a progressive
Republican’s nominate Hughes
Pro-business; attacked Wilson’s foreign policy