1. TOPICS OF “ENGINEERING GRAPHICS” (Mechanical Portion)
Topic no. Topic Content No. of Lectures
( C ) ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS
FROM GIVEN ISOMETRIC VIEW 07
Without Sections
With Sections
( D ) ISOMETRIC VIEW/PROJECTIONS
FROM GIVEN ORTHOGRPHIC VIEWS 05
View i.e. drawing
Projections

2. TYPES OF LINES USED IN ENGINEERING DRAWING
CONTINUOUS THICK A B
CONTINUOUS THIN (WAVY)
APPLICATIONS OF LINES ON DRAWING C
SHORT ZIGZAG THIN D
CONTINUOUS THIN
 40
 30 25
150
 60 E
SHORT DASH MEDIUM (DOTED LINE ) F
LONG CHAIN THIN (CENTER LINE) G1
CUTTING PLANE LINE (IN F.V) G2
CUTTING PLANE LINE (IN T.V)

3. Dimensioning Techniques
Trimmed and untrimmed drawing sheet sizes are commercially designated as A0 (Maximum size), A1, A2, A3, A4 & A5 (Least size).
In Engineering Graphics’ term work, all the 4 sheets will be of A2 (approximately ½ Imperial) size
The following two systems are adopted for dimensioning purposes on orthographic views as well as on pictorial view.

4. (FOR LARGE SIZED SHEETS)
ALIGNED
SYSTEM
(FOR A2 TO A5 SHEET SIZE)
UNIDIRECTIONAL
SYSTEM
(FOR LARGE SIZED SHEETS) 20 35 35 20
ARROW HEADS
(H x 3H) 3H H

5. ORTHOGRAPHIC PREOJECTIONS
(MULTI VIEW REPRESENTATIONS i.e. F.V., T.V. & S.V. – L.H.S.V OR R.H.S.V) FROM ISOMETRIC VIEW
PLANES OF PROJECTIONS
QUADRANTS
VISION DIRECTIONS

6. VIEWES
METHODS OF PROJECTIONS WITH THEIR SYMBOLS
SCALING OF A DRAWING (Full Size 1:1, Reduced 1:2 or Enlarged 5:1 )

7. (AS PER BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS FOR ENGINEERING DRAWING.)
SCALING OF A DRAWING
(AS PER BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS FOR ENGINEERING DRAWING.)
RECOMMENDED SCALES
1. FULL SCALE e.g. 1: 1
In certain cases the engineering components may be very large or very small for drawing purposes, hence the corresponding scale may be preferred from the following

8. 2. REDUCED SCALE e.g. 1:2, 1:2.5, 1:5, 1:10, 1:20, 1:15, 1:100, 1:200, 1:500, 1:1000, 1:2000, 1:5000, 1:10000
3. ENLARGED SCALE e.g. 50:1, 20:1, 10:1, 5:1, 2:1

9. SYMBOLS USED ON ENGINEERING DRAWING SHEET
FIRST ANGLE METHOD OF
ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS
THIRD ANGLE METHOD OF
ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS
M/c. PARTS ARE NEVER ASSUMED IN SECOND OR IN FOURTH QUADRANT, AS THE VIEWS MAY OVERLAP ON ONE ANOTHER ABOVE XY OR BELOW XY RESPECTIVELY.

10. Y ISOMETRIC VIEW OF L.H.S.V. Plane F.V. Plane T.V. Plane X Z1
OBJECT IN FIRST QUADRANT (FOR L.H.S.V.)
F.V. H
L.H.S.V. H PP L Y X HP D D L
T.V.
T.V. Plane X Z1
FIRST ANGLE METHOD OF PROJECTIONS (FOR L.H.S.V.)

11. Fig. 2(c) shows turning of the planes H. P & P
Fig. 2(c) shows turning of the planes H.P & P.P with their respective hinges, considering V.P as fixed plane.
It may be noted that :-
(a) F.V. (X directional view) is on V.P, T.V. (Y directional view) is on H.P, while L.H.S.V (Z1 directional view) is on P.P
F.V is within L & H, T.V is within L & D, While L.H.S.V is within H & D.
c) The symbol for Ist angle method of projections is placed as shown on fig. 2(c)

12. V.P
F.V.
P.P H D
L.H.S.V. X Y
H.P L
T.V.
Fig. 2(c)

13. AIM: Fig. 2(a) shows the Pictorial (ISOMETRIC) view of a cut block
AIM: Fig. 2(a) shows the Pictorial (ISOMETRIC) view of a cut block. Draw its following orthographic views using Ist angle method of projections.
Front View
Top View
R. H. S.View

14. Y H D R.H.S.V. L F.V. Z2 L D H Fig 2(a) X Y T.V. Z2 X Fig 2(b)
P.P H D
R.H.S.V.
V.P L
F.V. Y X Z2 L D H
Fig 2(a) X Y
H.P
T.V. Z2 X
Fig 2(b)

15. Note : Ist angle means, the block is assumed in front of V. P, above H
Note : Ist angle means, the block is assumed in front of V.P, above H.P and inside P.P, as in fig. 2(b) where the F.V. is projected on V.P, seen in X direction, T.V. is projected on H.P, seen in Y direction & R.H.S.V. is projected on P.P, seen in Z2 direction

16. Fig. 2(c) shows turning of the planes H. P & P
Fig. 2(c) shows turning of the planes H.P & P.P with their respective hinges, considering plane V.P as fixed plane.
It may be noted that :-
F.V. (X directional view) is on V.P, T.V. (Y directional view) is on H.P, while R.H.S.V (Z2 directional view) is on P.P
b) F.V is within L & H, T.V is within L & D, While R.H.S.V is within H & D.
c) The symbol for Ist angle method of projections is placed as shown on fig. 2(c)

17. R.H.S.V. D
P.P H
F.V.
V.P X Y
H.P
T.V. L
Fig. 2(c)

18. Front View Top View Left Hand Side View
AIM: Fig. 3(a) shows the Pictorial (ISOMETRIC) view of a cut block. Draw its following orthographic views using IIIrd angle method of projections.
Front View
Top View
Left Hand Side View
THIS IS A POWER POINT PRESENTATION

19. Y Z1 X D H L
Fig 3(a) Y
T.V.
H.P X Y H
L.H.S.V.
P.P D
V.P
F.V. L
Plane H.P turned up(above V.P)
Plane P.P turned side way(towards left side of plane V.P) Z1 X
Fig 3(b)

20. Note : IIIrd angle means, the block is assumed behind V. P, below H
Note : IIIrd angle means, the block is assumed behind V.P, below H.P and inside P.P, as in fig. 3(b) where the F.V. is projected on V.P, seen in X direction, T.V. is projected on H.P, seen in Y direction & L.H.S.V. is projected on P.P, seen in Z1 direction

21. Fig. 3(c) shows turning of the planes H. P & P
Fig. 3(c) shows turning of the planes H.P & P.P with their respective hinges, considering plane V.P as fixed plane.
It may be noted that :-
F.V. (X directional view) is on V.P, T.V. (Y directional view) is on H.P, while L.H.S.V (Z1 directional view) is on P.P
b) F.V is within L & H, T.V is within L & D, While L.H.S.V is within H & D.
c) The symbol for IIIrd angle method of projections is placed as shown on fig. 3(c)

22. T.V. 4
Fig. 3(c) X Y D 6
L.H.S.V H 2
F.V. L

23. AIM: Fig. 4(a) shows the Pictorial (ISOMETRIC) view of a cut block
AIM: Fig. 4(a) shows the Pictorial (ISOMETRIC) view of a cut block. Draw its following orthographic views using IIIrd angle method of projections.
Front View
Top View
Right Hand Side View

24. Planes H.P, V.P & P.P are assumed as transparentY Z2
Fig. 4(a) X Y
H.P D L
T.V. X Y
V.P H L
F.V.
R.H.S.V. H
P.P D
Fig. 4(b) X Z2
Planes H.P, V.P & P.P are assumed as transparent

25. Note : IIIrd angle means, the block is assumed behind V. P, below H
Note : IIIrd angle means, the block is assumed behind V.P, below H.P and inside P.P, as in fig. 4(b) where the F.V. is projected on V.P, seen in X direction, T.V. is projected on H.P, seen in Y direction & R.H.S.V. is projected on P.P, seen in Z2 direction.

26. Fig. 4(c) shows turning of the planes H. P &P
Fig. 4(c) shows turning of the planes H.P &P.P with their respective hinges, considering plane V.P as fixed plane.
It may be noted that :-
F.V. (X directional view) is on V.P, T.V. (Y directional view) is on H.P, while R.H.S.V (Z2 directional view) is on P.P
b) F.V is within L & H, T.V is within L & D, While R.H.S.V is within H & D.
c) The symbol for IIIrd angle method of projections is placed as shown on fig. 4(c)

27. H.P
T.V. D
Fig. 4(c) Y X
V.P
F.V. L
P.P
R.H.S.V. H

28. Step by step procedure Suggested to prepare Orthographic views (First angle method) for The simple component Shown pictorially in figure

29. 100 20 80 40 60
R40
Ø40
ISOMETRIC VIEW X

30. SYMBOL IS NOT MARKED SCALE: 1:120
R20 80 20
R.H.S.V 20
FRONT VIEW
100 80
ø40
SYMBOL IS NOT MARKED
R40
SCALE: 1:1
TOP VIEW

31. FIGURE SHOWS ISOMETRIC VIEW OF A SIMPLE OBJECT(WITHOUT DIMENSIONS) SHOW ITS THREE ORTHOGRAPHIC VIEWS
Front View
Top View
L.H.S.View b B 2 3 A
Use First Angle Method c 1

32. b B 2 3 A 1
F.V
L.H.S.V. a b c 3
T.V

33. FIGURE SHOWS ISOMETRIC VIEW OF AN OBJECT(WITHOUT DIMENSIONS) SHOW ITS THREE ORTHO GRAPHIC VIEWS
Front View
Top View
L.H.S.View
Front View
Top View
L.H.S.View c 3 b A
Use Third Angle Method 2 1

34. b a c
TOP VIEW 3 A 2 1
L.H.S VIEW
FRONT VIEW

35. Use First Angle Method of projection
Aim : Figure shows isometric view, of a simple machine component.
Draw its following Orthographic views, & dimension them.
Front View
Top View
R.H.S. View
Use First Angle Method of projection

36. Figure, is the isometric view
L = 75+25=100
H = 10+30=40
R25
D=50 20 30 10 40 10 10 75
Figure 50 X
Figure, is the isometric view

37. R.H.S.V. F.V. T.V. L=100 F.V H=40 L=100 T.V 10 D=50 40 D=50 S.V H=4020
R25 50 40 10 25 75
ORTHOGRAPHIC VIEWS
T.V.

38. ISOMETRIC ORTHO. VIEWS 40 SQ 25 SQ 30 15 SQ 10 35 40 45 15
Ø30,Depth 10
40 SQ
ISOMETRIC
ORTHO. VIEWS

39. 5 10 30 10
F.V.
R.H.S.V.
25 Sq 40 15 45 35
15 Sq
40 Sq
Ø30 5 10
T.V.

40. Exercise :-
Figure shows the isometric view of a vertical shaft support.
Draw its all the three views, using first angle method of projections.
Give the necessary dimensions as per aligned system.

41. 140
Ø40
Ø64 24 20 10 48 50 25
ISOMETRIC VIEW

42. Ø64 30
140 24 10
Ø40 50
FRONT VIEW
L.H.S.V 14 48 70
TOP VIEW

43. Exercise :- Isometric view of a rod support is given.
Draw its all the three orthographic views, using first angle method of projections.
Give all the dimensions.

44. 16 20 40
Ø24
R22
140 80 60 30 X
ISOMETRIC VIEW

45. FRONT VIEW RIGHT SIDE VIEW SCALE: 1:1 TOP VIEW20 40 10 30 66 26
FRONT VIEW
RIGHT SIDE VIEW
140 20 80
SCALE: 1:1
TOP VIEW

46. 10 8
20
R20
100 45 16 20 25 R8 30
ISOMETRIC
ORTHO. VIEWS

47. R20 30
20 10
100 45 30 8 20 25 16 R8

48. SECTIONING OF A MACHINE COMPONENT BY ANY ONE SECTION PLA NE ,OUT OF THREE FOLLOWING MENTIONED SECTION PLANES

49. BY A VERTICAL SECTION PLANE
(PARALLEL TO PRINCIPLE V.P.)
Hence ,
The real or true shape of the section is observed in its F.V.
Section plane will be seen as a cutting plane line (similar to center line ,thick at ends) with corresponding horizontal vision direction arrows at the center of thick ends in its T.V. & S.V.

50. (2)BY A HORIZONTAL SECTION PLANE
Hence,
The real or true shape of the section is observed in
its T.V.
(b) The cutting or section plane will be observed as a
cutting plane line (similar to center line ,thick at
ends) with the corresponding vertically downward
vision direction arrows at the center of the thick
ends in its F.V. and in S.V.

51. (3) BY A SECTION PLANE , NORMAL TO BOTH H.P. AND V.P.(i.e. parallel to
profile plane or side view plane)
Hence,
(a)The real or true shape of the section is observed in
its S.V.
(b) The cutting or section plane will be observed as a
cutting plane line (similar to center line ,thick at
ends) with the corresponding vertically downward
vision direction arrows at the center of the thick
ends in its F.V. and in T.V.

52. Figure shows isometric view of a machine component. Draw its
Front view, Top view & L.H.S View, using 3rd angle method of projections.
Sectional Front view, Top view & L.H.S.V., using 3rd angle method of projections. 60 40 B 30 15 10 30 50 15 5
R12.5 15 50 30 X A 50

53. Top View L.H.S.View Front View
Ortho. Views (No sectioning) 10 1. 30 30 40 60 25 15 5 X 50 50
Top View 50 15
L.H.S.View
Front View

54. Retained split of the machine partsB X B
It will be nearer to V.P. in 1st angle method & against the vertical plane in 3rd angle method. X
Retained split of the machine parts A

55. Sectional Front View -AB50 60 40 30 15 25 5 10
Top View
Sectional Front View -AB
L.H.S. View A B 2.
(With sectioning)

56. Figure shows the pictorial view of a machine component
Figure shows the pictorial view of a machine component. Draw its following views as per First angle method of projections 28 A
Ø20
(1) Front view from X direction.
Ø30 60
(2) Sectional top view-AA
(3) L.H.S. View A 20 7 14
120 20 28 X

57. Sketch shows the assumed cut model (retained part of the machine component / split against the observer) due to horizontal section plane passing through AB.
120 20 X 28

58. Ø20
Ø30, 7deep 20 A A A A 60 20
120
L.H.S.V.
F.V. 28 14
Sectional T.V.

59. Figure shows the pictorial view of a machine components
Figure shows the pictorial view of a machine components. Draw its following views, using 3rd angle method of projections.
Front view from arrow X
Top View
Sectional R.H.S.V - AB
30 10 B 60 20 40 20
R10 90 60 A X

60. Retained split of the machine parts
Retained split, will be nearer to V.P. in 1st angle method & against the vertical plane in 3rd angle method. B
No hatching in this area as not contained in the section plane
Retained split of the machine parts A

61. A
30 60 90 40 20 20
T.V. A 80 20
SEC.
R.H.S.V
F.V. A

62. SPECIAL
SECIONS
HALF SECTION

63. HALF SECTIONAL F.V.-AB
HALF SECTIONAL
LEFT S.V.-BC B A C
TOP VIEW

64. SPECIAL SECTIONS
REMOVED & REVOLVED SECTIONS

65. REVOLVED
SECTION
REMOVED
SECTION
REMOVEDSECTION

66. REVOLVED SECTION

67. REMOVED SECTION

68. REMOVED SECTIONS