1. 3D to 2D Orthographic Projection Delineation Techniques
Clipping Plane Methodology

2. Graphical Representation
The vast majority is 2D representation of 3D objects
Technical Documentation – Construction Documents, basic communication with peers
3D conception –> 2D representation –> 3D realization
Computer Models can be “photographed” – images and line drawings can be generated much faster than can be drawn
Extraction Methodology – design in 3D, extract 2D

3. Orthographic Projection
A means of representing a three-dimensional (3D) object in two dimensions (2D)
A perspective projection with a hypothetical viewpoint—e.g., one where the camera lies an infinite distance away from the object and has an infinite focal length, or "zoom". (parallel projection)
Multi-view Orthographic Projection
Axonometric Orthographic Projection
Non-Orthographic (Perspective)
Orthographic

4. Multi-View Orthographic
Each projection plane is parallel to one of the coordinate axes of the object resulting in visual distortion / abstraction

5. Architectural Plan
Also called plan view. a drawing made to scale to represent the top view or a horizontal section of a structure

6. Architectural Section
A representation of an object as it would appear if cut by a plane, showing its internal structure.

7. Architectural Elevation
A drawing or design that represents an object or structure as being projected geometrically on a vertical plane parallel to one of its sides.

8. Axonometric Axonometric
A skewed Orthographic Projection so that multiple sides are visible at once
a three-dimensional object is represented by a drawing having all axes drawn to exact scale, resulting in the optical distortion of diagonals and curves
Trimetric – arbitrary foreshortening
Isometric

9. Isometric
a three-dimensional object is represented by a drawing having the horizontal edges of the object drawn usually at a 30° angle and all verticals projected perpendicularly from a horizontal base, all lines being drawn to scale

10. Clipping Planes Uses Orthographic Cameras – Relatively Universal
Extracts from solids or surfaces alike
Uses two planes perpendicular to the focal length of the camera – Near Clipping Plane and Far Clipping Plane
Only displays graphical information between the near clip and the far clipping plane

11. Clipping Planes

12. Plotting to File with Clipping Planes
The clipping plane method can be used in conjunction with the plot to file method. Plotting to file allows three important options in a single method –
Allows rendering – allows the use of hidden line projection to “hide” lines that should be obscured with planes in 3D space.
Flattens the drawing – gets rid of the Z dimension and flattens the 3D model to a 2D vector drawing
Separates the line drawings – Drawings can be edited in respect to themselves without adversely altering the model

13. Plotting to File with Clipping Planes – AutoCAD Method
Import the 3D model
Page Setup Manager for a real-scale vector file
Set up the layout for the desired view
View
Scale
Use clipping planes to “cut”
Use hidden line rendering on the viewport
Plot to file
Import plotted file into a [new] drawing
Make it pretty
Poche
Entourage
Line weight

14. Plotting to File with Clipping Planes
3 datasets to manage
Original model file
Multiple layouts preferably – one for each “view”
Vector files (DXB)
Individual plot files with extensions that are not .dwg.
These are not opened, but imported
The Presentation file
All vector files are imported here for cleanup and delineation