1. Psychological Disorders
Schizophrenia

2. “Schizein” (Greek) for “to split” “phren” (Greek) “mind”
“Schizein” (Greek) for “to split” “phren” (Greek) “mind” *Often mistaken for “Split personalities” *Means SPLIT from REALITY.
Schizophrenia

3. Positive Symptoms (+ = ADD). Distortions of normal functions 1
Positive Symptoms (+ = ADD) *Distortions of normal functions 1. Thought delusions *paranoid *grandiose
Symptoms

4. Grandiose delusion 1959: 3 men all claimed to be Jesus Christ
Dr. Rokeach transferred the patients to the same ward of a mental hospital
Grandiose delusion

5. Positive symptoms: thoughts
2. Form of thought
Shift quickly from one topic to the next
Unaware of bizarreness
Incoherent
“Word salad”
Positive symptoms: thoughts

6. Disorganized thoughts: word salad

7. Neologisms: “New words”
Formed by combining 2 or more regular words or using common words in a unique fashion.
Sometimes they are totally unintelligible, but other times they clearly communicate ideas
Neologisms: “New words”

8. “Belly bad luck and brutal and outrageous” “I have stomach problems and I don’t feel good.” “I gave all the work money.” “I paid tokens for my meal.” “He’s a tie-father.” “He’s a relative.
Neologisms

9. The juxtaposition of words that no relation to one another beyond the fact that they rhyme or sound alike.
Clanging

10. + Symptoms: Hallucinations
Auditory (the most common)
Visual
Smell
Body
Janssen Mindstorm
+ Symptoms: Hallucinations

11. 4. Psychomotor behavior: Example: Strange gestures 5
4. Psychomotor behavior: Example: Strange gestures 5. Inappropriate affect Example: giggling at a funeral
+ Symptoms

12. Negative Symptoms (- = TAKE AWAY). Loss or Normal functions 1
Negative Symptoms (- = TAKE AWAY) *Loss or Normal functions 1. Flat affect Little or no intensity in feeling No signs of emotion 2. Psychomotor behavior Catatonic “Waxy flexibility”
Negative Symptoms

13. 3. Withdrawal from the world Example: Gerald
Negative symptoms

14. Types of schizophrenia
Chronic: slow developing
More likely to have negative symptoms.
Reactive: react to extreme stress
More likely to have positive symptoms
Types of schizophrenia

16. Dopamine hypothesis: TOO MUCH. Too many receptors for dopamine
Dopamine hypothesis: TOO MUCH *Too many receptors for dopamine *Anti-psychotic drugs block excess dopamine at the receptor cells Abnormal brain tissue
Causes

17. Low brain activity in frontal lobe

18. Ventricles larger

19. Causes Prenatal cause: viral flu infection (2nd trimester)
Increased risk for those who undergo fetal development during a flu epidemic
Months of increased schizophrenic births reversed in Southern Hemisphere
Those born in winter/spring months have an increased risk
Causes

20. Genetics

21. Diathesis Stress Model
Gene and environment interaction The Genain Quadruplets
Diathesis Stress Model
Demonstration

22. Anti-psychotic medications: work on dopamine system; block dopamine receptors Typical neuroleptics: + symptoms Developed in 1950’s Dopamine system Atypical neuroleptics: + & - symptoms Dopamine & Serotonin Side effects: *impact white blood cells in immune system *Tardive dyskinesia
Treatment