1. AP - Ch 11 A NEW CIVILIZATION EMERGES IN WESTERN EUROPE
THE MIDDLE AGES

2. IT’S A PERIOD OF RECOVERY AND GROWTH,DECLINE, GROWTH AGAIN…
THE MIDDLE OF WHAT?
THE PERIOD CALLED THE MIDDLE AGES IS BETWEEN TH EFALL OF ROME AND THE RENIASSANCE
ABOUT 400 C.E. TO 1400 C.E.
IT’S A PERIOD OF RECOVERY AND GROWTH,DECLINE, GROWTH AGAIN…

3. Germany, Northern Britain, Scandinavia…
Where is it?
Civilization comes to parts of Europe that had been left out of Rome
Germany, Northern Britain, Scandinavia…
It gradually spreads to cover all of Western Europe

5. SOCIETY AND CULTURE IN THE MIDDLE AGES
THE CENTER MOVES AWAY FROM ROME NORTHWARD
COMPARD TO THE REST OF THE WORLD EUROPE WAS PRIMITIVE
MUSLIMS SCORNED THEM AS ‘BARBARIANS’
THIS HELPS EXPLAINS SOME OF THE CONFLICTS WITH ISLAM

6. EUROPE BEGAN TO GROW AGAIN
POPULATIONS ROSE
NEW TECHNOLOGIES DEVELOPED
WATER DRIVEN MILLS, IRON CASTING
CHRISTIANITY BECAME THE DOMINANT FAITH, CENTERD IN THE ROMAN CHURCH

8. THE CHRUCH WAS THE CENTER OF LIFE
THE FOCUS WAS ATTAINING SALVATION
LEARNING WAS RESTRICTED TO THE CLERGY IN GENERAL

9. ITALY WAS A FRAGMENTED WEAK AREA- ROME HAD BEEN SACKED
THE WEST REMAINED VUNERABLE TO INVASIONS- VIKINGS,
OVERALL, FOR 500 YEARS WESTERN CULTURE DID NOT ADVANCE AS FAST AS THE REST OF THE WORLD

10. MANORIALISM IS AN ECONOMIC SYSTEM
THE MANORIAL SYSTEM
MANORIALISM IS AN ECONOMIC SYSTEM
STARTED IN THE LATE ROMAN EMPIRE TO INCREASE AGRICULTURE
SERF- PEASANT LEGALLY TIED TO THE LAND
LORDS OWNED THE LAND

11. IN RETURN FOR WORKING THE LAND, SERFS WERE PROTECTED BY THE LORDS
SERFS HAD TO GIVE PART OF EVERYTHING THEY GREW OR MADE TO THEIR LANDLORD
IT’S A HARD LIFE, BUT IT’S A DANGEROUS WORLD

12. SERFS WORK WITH FAMILIES OWNED THEIR OWN HOMES, NOT THE LAND
A SERF’S LIFE
SERFS WORK WITH FAMILIES
OWNED THEIR OWN HOMES, NOT THE LAND
COULD PASS PROPERTY ON
COULD NOT LEAVE W/O LORDS PERMISSION
THEY ARE NOT SLAVES-THEY CANNOT BE SOLD

13. OLD PLOWS REPLACED WITH MOLDBOARDS- CURVED IRON PLOWS
SOME ADVANCES
OLD PLOWS REPLACED WITH MOLDBOARDS- CURVED IRON PLOWS
THE THREE-FIELD SYSTEM INCREASES PRODUCTION

15. THE CHURCH- SPRITUAL AND POLITICAL POWERS
THE CHURCH FUNCTIONED AS A ‘GOVERNMENT’ ACROSS EUROPE
IT INTERFERES WITH KINGS POWERS, REGULATES TRADE, HAS A HAND IN MAY AREAS OF LIFE
VIEWS ITSELF AS ABOVE LOCAL KINGS AND RULERS

16. MANY KINGS SUCH AS CLOVIS CONVERT TO GAIN AN ALLY IN THE CHURCH
THE CHURCH ATTEMPTS TO PRESERVE ANCIENT LEARNING
SALVATION IS THE CENTRAL THEME FOR LIFE ON EARTH

18. CHARLEMAGNE

19. HIS DYNASTY IS THE CAROLINGIANS
CHARLEMAGNE
CHARLES MARTEL (HIS GRANDAD) DEFEATED THE MUSLIMS AT TOURS(POITIERS), ENDING ISLAM’S ADVANCE IN EUROPE
HIS DYNASTY IS THE CAROLINGIANS
CHARLEMAGNE MEANS ‘CHARLES THE GREAT’ HIS DAD WAS PEPIN THE SHORT, SON PIPPIN THE HUNCHBACK…

20. HE WAS AN 8TH CENTURY FRANKISH WARRIOR
‘CHARLEMAGNE’ MEANS ‘CHARLES THE GREAT’ HIS DAD WAS PEPIN THE SHORT, SON PIPPIN THE HUNCHBACK…
HE INHERITS A CHRISTIAN KINGDOM, ONE TIED TO THE CHURCH IN ROME

21. FOR THE TIMES A VERY BIG MAN, OVER SIX FEET. SMART, SHREWD, DEVOUT
HE SOUGHT TO REVIVE ROME
THIS IS A GOAL FOR MANY LEADERS FOR A LONG TIME
HE UNITED MUCH OF PRESENT DAY WESTERN EUROPE

22. HE IS CROWNED AS THE EMPEROR OF ROME BY THE POPE
THE POPE GIVES HIM THE CROWN, SETTING UP A STRUGGLE FOR POWER WITH ALL FUTURE RULERS
HE TRIED TO ADVANCE LEARNING, BUILT A GREAT SCHOOL AT AACHEN

26. AFTER HIS DEATH, HIS EMPIRE FELL APART…SOUND FAMILIAR?
AFTER HIM EUROPE SETS A PATTERN OF REGIONAL RULERS WHO COMPETE FOR POWER, NEVER REUNITED
THE TITLE EMPEROR REMAINS, BUTS ITS JUST A TITLE
ONLY CHRISTIANITY TIES EUROPE TOGETHER

27. NEW ECONOMIC AND URBAN VIGOR
NEW TECH-
MOLDBOARD, THREE FIELD SYSTEM
NEW HORSE COLLAR, STIRRUPS
VIKING RAIDS TAPERED OFF
POPULATION INCREASED
TRADE INCREASED, SO TOWNS INCREASED

31. NEW LANDS WERE NEEDED TO FEED THE NEW POPULATION
NORTHERN GERMANY IS COLONIZED
IN ORDER TO GET ENOUGH WORKERS SERFDOM WAS WEAKENED- FREE PEASANTS EMERGE
WITH THE TRADE A MERCHANT CLASS STARTS TO EMERGE

32. IN THE NEW TOWNS LEARNING INCREASES, UNIVERSITIES GET THEIR START
THEY STUDY THEOLOGY, LAW, MEDICINE
THEY BENEFITTED FROM PRESERVED ROMAN AND GREEK WORKS

33. FEUDALISM, MONARCHIES, LIMITED GOVERNMENT
FEUDALISM IS A POLITICAL SYSTEM
IT’S BASED ON MILITARY ALLIANCES
RULERS GAVE LAND IN EXCHANGE FOR SOLDIERS- A FIEF
LORDS CONTROL VASSALS
YOU CAN BE BOTH A LORD TO SOME, A VASSAL TO SOMEONE ELSE

34. IT GETS IT START IN FRANCE
IN 1066 IT’S BROUGHT TO ENGLAND WITH WILLIAM THE CONQUEROR AT THE BATTLE OF HASTINGS
THE GROWTH OF FEUDAL SOCIETIES MIRRORED THE SAME SYSTEM IN PLACE IN CHINA

35. WILLIAM THE CONQUEROR

36. PROTECTION
AND LAND
TAXES AND KNIGHTS

38. NOT ALL OF EUROPE HAD STRONG SYSTEMS
NORTHERN GERMANY, THE LOW COUNTRIES, AND ITALY REMAINED FRAGMENTED AND WEAK
1215* IN ENGLAND THE MAGNA CARTA BEGAN LIMITING ROYAL POWER
PARLIAMENTS START IN EUROPE- VERY LIMITED IN POWER

40. IN GENERAL MOST PEOPLE HAD LIMITED RIGHTS
IT WAS A BEGINNING TO LATER GOVT’S POWER STRUCTURES
THEY WERE LOOKING FOR A BALANCE OF POWER BETWEEN LORDS AND VASSALS

41. FOUGHT BETWEEN FRANCE AND ENGLAND DUAL CLAIMS TO BOTH THRONES
THE 100 YEARS WAR
FOUGHT BETWEEN FRANCE AND ENGLAND
DUAL CLAIMS TO BOTH THRONES
JOAN OF ARC SAVES FRANCE
MEDIEVAL WARFARE CHANGES FOR GOOD

45. EUROPE WAS EXPANDING, GROWING THE CRUSADES
THE WEST EXPANDS
EUROPE WAS EXPANDING, GROWING
THE CRUSADES
CALLED FOR BY POPE URBAN II “GOD WILLS IT!”
THEY STIMULATE TRADE, INTEREST IN LEARNING, NEW TECHNOLOGY

47. SOME SAW THE CHURCH AS BECOMING CORRUPT. SECULAR
CHURCH REFORM
SOME SAW THE CHURCH AS BECOMING CORRUPT. SECULAR
ONE REFORM WAS MONASTICISM
POPE GREGORY VII TRIED TO TAKE POWER TO APPOINT BISHOPS FROM RULERS- LAY INVESTITURE
THE HOLY ROMAN EMPEROR DID NOT WANT TO GIVE UP CONTROL

48. POPE GREGORY VII

50. THE COMPROMISE- POPES APPOINT BISHOPS, RULERS GRANT THE LAND
OTHER POPES TRIED TO MAKE THE CHURCH SUPREME OVER KINGS
THE CHURCH HAS ITS OWN COURTS TO RULE ON RELIGIOUS LAWS
IN EFFECT TWO GOVERNMENTS- CHURCH AND STATE

51. THE HIGH MIDDLE AGES
THE 12TH AND 13TH CENTURIES

52. THE CHURCH RELIED ON ANCIENT LEARNING- ARISTOTLE
THEOLOGY
THE CHURCH RELIED ON ANCIENT LEARNING- ARISTOTLE
FAITH WAS SUPREME OVER REASON
AS SCHOLARS TRANSLATED ANCIENT TEXTS,LEARNING INCREASED
PEOPLE VENERATED SAINTS,WENT TO CHURCH, BUT MAGIC AND SUPERSTITION STILL REMAINED ALIVE

53. ST THOMAS AQUINAS
SCHOLASTICISM

54. HIS GREAT WORK, THE SUMMA THEOLOGICA

55. ART REMAINED CENTERED ON SALVATION AND THEMES OF RELIGIOUS FAITH
CATHEDRALS BECOME GIANT CENTERS OF FAITH AND WORSHIP

63. MORE PEASANTS ARE GAINING FREEDOM
TRADE AND TOWNS
MORE PEASANTS ARE GAINING FREEDOM
TOWNS GROWING LARGER BASED ON TRADE STARTED BY THE CRUSADES
BANKING BEGINS- ALLIANCES SUCH AS THE HANSEATIC LEAGUE
CAPITALISM STARTS, COMMERCE IS MOSTLY UNREGULATED, COMPARED TO OTHER SOCIETIES

64. ARTISAN AND TRADESMEN FORM GUILDS
GIVES THEM CONTROL
GUILDS SWAY LOCAL POLITICS
TECHNOLOGY STARTS TO IMPROVE THE ECONOMY
WOMENS ROLES ARE LIMITED
THEY HAD GENERAL SOCIAL FREEDOMS, BUT LITTLE POLITICAL POWER

65. CONSTANT WARFARE HURTS SOCIETY
THE GREAT PROBLEMS
CONSTANT WARFARE HURTS SOCIETY
PLAGUE COME AGAIN IN THE 14TH CENTURY- DEVASTATES EUROPE
STARTS IN CAFFA ON THE BLACK SEA
A “THIRD OF THE WORLD DIES”
FEUDALISM COLLAPSES

70. LORDS LOSE THEIR MONOLPOLY ON MAKING WAR
SOCIETY CHANGES
LORDS LOSE THEIR MONOLPOLY ON MAKING WAR
ARISTOCRATS IN EUROPE BECOME MORE CULTURED, EDUCATED
THE CHURCH LOSES POWER OVER GOVERNMENTS
PEOPLE LOOK OUTSIDE THE CHURCH FOR LIFE’S ANSWERS

71. IN COMPARISON TO ASIA AND SOUTH ASIA EUROPE REMAINED BACKWARDS, BUT THEY WERE MOVING FORWARD
IN POLITICS KINGS POWER GREW
MONEY BEGAN TO TAKE HOLD IN TRADE

72. ISLAM AND CHRISTIANITY WERE IN COMPETITION IN MANY AREAS
GOVERNMENTS CENTRALIZED LIKE IN CHINA
EUROPE WAS TRANSFORMING ITSELF FROM SMALL STATES TO LARGE UNIFIED NATIONS