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Darkroom and Film Processing
Midterm Topic 1
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Darkroom
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Darkrooms – Still Necessary?
Darkrooms are necessary for manually fed processors and daylight processors. -Loading automatic film processor magazines. Necessary for conducting certain quality control tests (daily sensitometric strip).
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Darkrooms 4 Basic Functions
Number 1 Function Storage Unexposed film
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Purpose of Film Processing
DARKROOM FUNCTION # 2 Purpose of Film Processing Change silver halide crystals from film emulsion (after exposure to x-ray or light photons) to black metallic silver. Latent image (invisible until processed) is developed into a Manifest image. Improper or careless processing can cause poor diagnostic quality.
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Manual Feed Processor
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Hand Processing in the Early years
Strong smell of chemicals Messy Time comsuming
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1956 – first roller transport 6 minute processing time
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Processing Time 3 minutes seconds
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Processing Film Table top Processors
Can process as fast as 60 seconds TABLE TOP PROCESSOR
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PROCSSING CHEMICALS Solutions are PRE- MIXED
Outside Company usually provides service- Weekly or monthly Solutions should be replenished as necessary & changed regularly Solutions must be monitored (Daily QC strip).
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Replenishment tanks
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TABLE TOP FILM DUPLICATOR to MAKE COPIES OF FILMS
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WILL THIS WORK ????
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Daylight Processor
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Function # 3: Handling of Film
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UNLOAD EXPOSED FILM
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Pass Box
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LOAD CASSETTE
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Function # 4: Film Identification
Pt name Exam date & time Pt x-ray number Pt Birthday/DOB Rt or Lt marker Optional Exam type Dr. Name
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FILM ID PRINTER Name of patient place on top
Cassette is “flashed” with name – can be done before or after image is taken Must be done BEFORE PROCESSING FILM
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AUTOMATIC PROCESSING WASHER DEVELOPER DRYER FIXER REPLENISHMENT SYSTEM
TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM DEVELOPER FIXER WASHER DRYER REPLENISHMENT SYSTEM
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Automatic Processor
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Fixer Retention (Not Washed Off)
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Transport System Components
Feed Tray Rollers (Different Assemblies): 1. Entrance 2. Deep Racks 3. Turnaround 4. Crossover 5. Squeegee 6. Dryer Receiving Bin
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Transport System (Rollers)
Entrance Crossover Feed Tray Squeegee Deep Racks Dryer Turnaround
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Processor (Top View)
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Replenishment System Main function: Keep solution tanks full and assure proper solution concentration. As film is introduced into processor, sensor initiates solution replenishment Right & wrong way to feed in film -Feed in along short edge
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Transport System in Automatic Processors
Conveys the film through different solutions (sections) by a series of rollers driven by gears, chains & sprockets. Done at a prescribed speed – determines length of time the film is in each solution
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Temperature Regulation
Main function: To control the temperature of each section of the processor. Developer – most important solution to regulate Usually between 92 degrees and 95 degrees Thermostatically controlled
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Recirculation System Provides agitation necessary for uniform solution concentration
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Wash & Dryer Systems Wash: Provide thorough removal of chemical solutions from the film. -Archival film quality Dryer: Removes water from film by blowing warm, dry air -Between 120 degrees & 130 degrees F.
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Silver Recovery About ½ of the film’s silver remains in the emulsion after exposure & processing. Other ½ (unexposed silver) is removed from the film during fixing process. Silver is toxic to public water supply – must have proper disposal. Silver can be harvested from the fixer tank and recycled.
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What is in the Darkroom?
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Darkroom Contents Loading Bench Film Bin Film I.D. Printer Safelights
Pass Box Light-tight Room Ample ventilation Warning Light outside room Lockable Door Wall Shielding if adjacent to x-ray room Walls painted with light color to reflect safelight
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Darkroom Equipment
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SAFELIGHTS
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Safe Light 15 Watts Red filter
Must be 3-6 feet from counter top or feed tray of processor Used to be amber or orange filter
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Darkroom Summary
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Summary & Questions
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X-ray Cassettes cross section review layers
What are the 4 layers? Of FILM & SCREENS ?
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Film cross section
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