1. Immobilized Enzyme Reactors
Enzymes are proteins that catalyze or enhance the rate of a chemical reaction.
Enzymes are very specific in terms of the substrate (reactant) that they act on.

2. Enzymes are usually named after the substrate whose reaction is catalyzed.
For example urease acts upon urea, heparinase acts on heparin.
For example collagenase:
E.C

6. Allosteric interaction

8. Initial rate of reaction
about equal to 2 mg/ml/min
Out of substrate
1 unit = liberates 1 mol of glucose per minute from starch at
pH = 4.8 and 60 oC

10. So we need to know:
Enzyme reaction kinetics
The effect of substrate diffusion on the observed reaction rate
A design equation for the particular reactor of interest

11. Enzyme Kinetics

12. E + S <--> ES ---> E + P

16. Finding Vmax and Km from Experimental Data

18. Example 8.5 soluble heparinase kinetics

21. Km = 0.078 mg heparin/ml of solution
Kcat = mg heparin/U/hr
1 U = amount of enzyme needed to
degrade 1 mg heparin/hr

22. Enzyme Activity Strongly Dependent on the pH

23. Enzyme Activity Depends on Temperature
V = A exp(-E/RT)

24. Enzymes Also Denature if the Temperature is Too High
Good
Bad
T increasing

26. Even Fluid Shear Forces Can Deactivate the Enzyme

27. Enzyme Immobilization

29. Ways to Immobilize An Enzyme