1. 58. Other Accessory Organs

2. A. Liver
a. Largest internal organ (3 lbs) b. Sits to the right

3. Liver

4. Liver Functions
Over 500 vital functions – very busy organ!

5. c. Liver Functions
Produces bile to break down fats

6. Liver Functions Processes nutrients into usable forms
First organ to receive blood after digestion

7. Liver Functions
Detoxifies - removes poison from blood

8. Regeneration
d. One of few organs that can grow back to full size

9. e. Issues with Liver
Jaundice – yellowing of skin and eyes from bilirubin accumulation

10. Bilirubin is a byproduct of the normal breakdown of red blood cells
Bilirubin is a byproduct of the normal breakdown of red blood cells. The liver processes bilirubin so that it can be excreted by the body as waste. At birth, a baby's liver is still developing its ability to process bilirubin. Therefore, bilirubin levels are a little high at birth and jaundice is present to some degree in almost all newborns. This form of jaundice usually appears between day 2 and 5 and clears by 2 weeks. It usually causes no problems.

11. Phototherapy

12. A B C D E F Issues with Liver
Hepatitis – inflammation of the liver from viruses or bacteria
A B C D E F

13. Hepatitis A – transmitted by contaminated food and water
Hepatitis B – transmitted by blood, needles, sexual contact
Hepatitis C – transmitted mostly by blood

14. Hepatitis B and C liver

15. Issues with Liver
Cirrhosis – liver tissue is replaced with fat or scar tissue caused by alcohol

16. B. Gall Bladder
a. Thin sac under liver, concentrates and stores bile

17. Gall Bladder
b. Not essential to live

18. c. Gallstones Hard deposits in gall bladder
Too much cholesterol or not enough bile salts

19. Gallstones

20. C. Pancreas
a. Flattened, bumpy gland below the stomach

21. Pancreas
b. Important to both digestive and endocrine systems

22. Digestive
c. enzymes that help break down foods

23. Endocrine d. Secrete hormones that control blood sugar levels
Insulin – DECREASE glucose in blood
Glucagon - INCREASE glucose in blood

25. D. Diabetes
Body is unable to control blood sugar levels
Type 1
Type 2

26. Type I a. Pancreas can’t make insulin, childhood
Treatment – insulin shots, controlled diet

27. Type II b. Cells do not respond to insulin, later years
Treatment - exercise, medication, and controlled diet

29. Nutrition

30. A. Nutrients Things in food that promote health
growth, repair, and maintenance

31. B. Calorie (kilocalorie)
the unit for energy from food
Amount of heat energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 kg of water by 1 ˚C

32. C. Carbohydrates
a. Sugars and starches (plants) b. Quickest form of energy c. Energy = 4.1 Kcal/gram

33. D. Lipids
a. Oils and fats b. Highest energy source c. Energy = 9.3 Kcal/gram

34. E. Proteins
a. Animal products (milk, eggs, meat) b. Harder energy to use than carbs. c. Energy = 4.1 Kcal/gram

35. F. Minerals and Vitamins
No energy but essential to body

36. G. Water Not a nutrient, but essential for life
Body loses 3-5 L of water a day through sweat, urine, and exhaled air

37. H. Metabolism How fast you use the energy from food
All chemical processes in the body use energy!
Age, weight, gender, genetics

38. I. Basic Metabolic Rate
Number of Kcals used in a day just to stay alive
a. Female – Kcals a day
b. Male – Kcals a day
Weight in kg X 1 if male or .9 if female
Kg = 2.2 lbs

39. a. Decrease Kcal intake b. Increase Kcal output J. Losing Weight
Only 2 steps:
a. Decrease Kcal intake
b. Increase Kcal output

41. BMI = wt (lbs) x 705 ht (in) ² K. Body Mass Index
test to see if you are underweight, normal, overweight, or obese
BMI = wt (lbs) x 705
ht (in) ²

42. a. Under weight = 18.5 b. Normal weight= 18.5-24.9
Body Mass Index
a. Under weight = 18.5
b. Normal weight=
c. Overweight =
d. Obese = 30+

43. Obesity
a. Excess body weight

44. Bulimia
b. binging and vomiting

46. Anorexia
c. nervous inability to eat

47. Please take care of yourselves!