1. Adapted from Susan M. Pojer Horace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY
The Ancient
Middle East
Adapted from Susan M. Pojer Horace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY
(With permission)

2. 2. The Ancient
Egyptians

3. Agriculture is the center of this civilization too!
Control water through irrigation
River floods every September
They settled near the river because resources were certainly abundant

4. A View of Egypt by Satellite

5. The Fertile Nile Valley

6. Nile Irrigation-the Shaduf

7. The Annual Flooding of the Nile

8. The bigger you get, the more organization you need!!!!

9. Menes: Unifier of Upper & Lower Egypt
c B. C. E. ?

10. Political Organization…
Menes (“first ruler”) united
Unlike Mesopotamia, they were unified early in their history
Power is followed through 30 dynasties…or the 30 different family lineages that ruled Egypt for years!

11. Organized power structure…
Ma’at
Pharoah
Horus Re

12. Organized power structure…
People
Pharoah
Gods
Make him happy now!

13. Pharoah, how much do we love you????

14. Stepped Pyramid at Saqqara

15. “Bent” Pyramid of King Sneferu

16. Giza Pyramid Complex

17. Plan of the Great Pyramid of Khufu

18. The Valley of the Kings

19. Video on pyramids…

20. Where was the power centered?

21. Hieroglyphic “Cartouche”

22. Hieroglyphics “Alphabet” 24 “letters” + 700 phonetic symbols

23. Champollion & the Rosetta Stone

24. Social Organization… “a land of villages”…unlike Mesopotamia
Population = million

25. Social Organization… Ancient Egypt Mesopotamia
King/Pharaoh … high level administrators
Professionals, priests, lower level bureaucrats
Peasants
Free, landowning people
Dependent farmers, artisans, merchants
slaves

26. Egyptian Social Hierarchy

27. Egyptian Nobility

28. Egyptian Priestly Class

29. Egyptian Scribe

30. Women of Ancient Egypt…
Subordinate and of the home
Marriage rights and choice of husband
No formal marriage (law nor ceremony)
Divorce and dowry…

31. An Egyptian Woman’s “Must-Haves”
Mirror
Perfume
Whigs

32. Egyptian Creation Myth
The Goddess Nut

33. Egyptian Gods & Goddesses: “The Sacred ‘Trinity’”
Osiris Isis Horus

34. Preparations for the Underworld
ANUBIS weighs the dead person’s heart against a feather.
Priests protected your KA, or soul-spirit

35. Materials Used in Mummification
1. Linen Natron 2. Sawdust Onion 3. Lichen Nile Mud 4. Beeswax Linen Pads 5. Resin Frankinsense

36. Preparation for the Afterlife

37. Queen Tiye, wife of Amenhotep II 1210-1200 B. C. E.
Egyptian Mummies
Seti I B. C. E.
Ramses II B. C. E.
Queen Tiye, wife of Amenhotep II B. C. E.

38. Journey to the Underworld
The dead travel on the “Solar Bark.”
A boat for the journey is provided for a dead pharaoh in his tomb.

39. Egyptian Book of the Dead

40. The Final Judgement
Anubis Horus Osiris

41. Shabtis: The Pharaoh’s Servants in the Afterlife