1. Immune mediators of tissue remodelling and lung function impairment in tuberculosis.
Immune mediators of tissue remodelling and lung function impairment in tuberculosis. Transcription factors, cytokines and chemokines that drive expression of tissue-degrading enzymes or directly mediate cavitation and/or fibrosis are shown in green. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) that promote granuloma and cavitation are depicted in purple. HIF: hypoxia inducible factor; NF: nuclear factor; IL: interleukin; TNF: tumour necrosis factor; TGF: transforming growth factor; IFN: interferon; mtROS: mitochondrial reactive oxygen species. #: IL-1β regulates fibrogenesis in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and may play a role in tuberculosis. Pathological processes contributing to the progression of lesions may influence the development of airflow obstruction and restrictive ventilatory patterns of pulmonary impairment.
Shruthi Ravimohan et al. Eur Respir Rev 2018;27:170077
©2018 by European Respiratory Society