1. Goal: Why did the Ancient Egyptians believe the Nile River was a gift?
Do Now: Answer the following questions based on the diagram below.
Which is the tallest pyramid?
Which is taller, Khufu or the Washington Monument?
What is the length of the side of the Menkaure pyramid at its base?

2. Ancient Egypt BC
Location
North Africa
Natural barriers: Mediterranean Sea, Sahara Desert, Red Sea
Result = less prone to invasion.
Nile River
World’s longest river (4000 miles)
“Gift of the Nile”  annual flooding that deposits rich soil.
Benefits
Easy communication.
Transportation.
Ample water supply.

7. Goal: How did Egyptians organize their society?
Do Now: What is going on below? Explain?
HW: Choose someone in Ancient Egyptian society (pharaoh, slave, etc.). For that person describe hour by hour what their day would consist of. (Ex. 7am  wake up; 8am  have my servants bring me breakfast…)

8. Egyptian Kingdoms become one.
Egyptian Society
Egyptian Kingdoms become one.
Menes: Unified Lower & Upper Egypt around 3100 BC.
Religious Beliefs
Polytheistic: belief in many gods controlling earth.
Mummification: process of preseriving the dead.
Afterlife  Happy Field of Food or Devourer of Souls
Pharaohs: god-kings of Egypt.
Chief gods: Isis, Osiris, Amon-Re, Anubis
Kingdoms of the Nile
Old Kingdom BC
Middle Kingdom BC
New Kingdom BC
Achievements
Built enormous tombs & pyramids.
Land drained for farming.
Traded with lands along the Red & Mediterranean Sea.
Decline
Power struggles, crop failures, & cost of pyramids.
Hittites invaded & conquered.
Nubians, then others, invaded.

9. IV. Social Order
Pharaohs

10. Menes: Unifier of Upper & Lower Egypt

11. Egyptian
Home Life

12. Egyptians at Work

14. Egyptian
Social
Order

15. GOAL: What were the accomplishments of the Ancient Egyptians?
Do Now: Review – What were the 8 basic characteristics of civilization?
HW: The Ancient Egyptians used their gods to teach lessons to the people. Create a story using some of the Egyptians gods & goddesses we discussed today.

16. Pyramids

17. The pyramids were built from LIMESTONE.
The Great Pyramid, built for Pharaoh Khufu, contains over 2 million limestone blocks, each weighing roughly 2 ½ tons!
As the pyramids still stand today it is easy to see the ancient Egyptians knowledge in mathematics & geometry.

18. The diagram below shows the outside of the Great Pyramid.
The pyramids in front of the Great Pyramid were built for the Pharaoh’s Queens.
A temple was built in front of the Great Pyramid to allow daily rituals, and where offerings were left.
The buildings surrounding the pyramid are called MASTABAS, which were tombs that held nobles.

19. The inside of the pyramid contained many different areas.
Air Shafts
King’s Chamber
Other Chambers
Grand Gallery
Queen’s Chamber
Underground Chamber

20. The Great Sphinx

21. The Great Sphinx is a large human-headed lion that was carved from a mound of natural rock. It is located in Giza where it guards the front of Khafra’s pyramid.
Legends have been told for many years about the Great Sphinx. These stories tell about the powers & mysteries of the Sphinx. Some people believe that there are hidden passageways or rooms underneath, but nothing has been found…. yet!

22. Mummification

23. Mummification: Process of embalming & drying corpses to prevent them from decaying.
Ancient Egyptians believed in an afterlife. They mummified the body so the soul could return later.

24. Anubis was the god who watched over the process of mummifying people when they died.
After the embalming procedure, the mummy’s internal organs were placed in these clay Caponic jars.

25. Egyptian Gods

26. As you know, the ancient Egyptians practiced a polytheistic, animistic religion. Here are some of the key gods of the Egyptian religion. Notice their animalistic qualities. Next to each god you will see their name, and what they are a god of.

27. Anubis – the god of embalming and the dead.
Ra – the sun god. He was the most important god of the ancient Egyptians.
Isis – the protective goddess. She used powerful magic to help people in need.
Anubis – the god of embalming and the dead.
Osiris – god of the dead, and ruler of the underworld.

28. Atum – the creator god. Believed to be the first god to exist.
Seth – the god of chaos.
Horus – god of the sky. Protector of the pharaoh.
Sekhmet – goddess of war.

29. Hieroglyphics

30. The earliest form of writing in Egypt were pictographs, like the one you see below. Each picture stood for an idea. For example a picture of a bird would mean bird.

31. As time past, the scribes needed to find an easier way of writing
As time past, the scribes needed to find an easier way of writing. As a result, a newer form of hieroglyphics was formed.
Another innovation came overtime. Papyrus, a paper-like material was developed. Now scribes could write on a more compact surface, instead of stone or clay.

32. Finally, in 1822 the stone was deciphered!!
As the Egyptian civilization declined, any chance of deciphering hieroglyphics was lost….
… That is until the Rosetta Stone was discovered in 1799.
The Rosetta Stone contained a message in 3 different languages:
Hieroglyphics
Hieroglyphics (in a simpler form)
Greek
Finally, in 1822 the stone was deciphered!!