1. Focus 3/17
The Renaissance was a period of creativity and change in Western Europe. During the Renaissance art began to again be influenced by Greek and Roman ideas. Art again focused on perspective, the ideal, and realism. Science also began to improve. Greek ideas had a huge impact on the development of the Scientific Method.
Building blocks of the Renaissance:
Crusades Pax Mongolia Black Death

2. Renaissance Review Renaissance Starts in Italy
Italy is quick to recover from the Plague
Like the Tang in China, Italy sees a rebirth in art, technology, and learning.
Italy is located on a peninsula, which makes trade possible
Italy’s geographic location makes it a major commercial and cultural center
Italian city-states have become wealthy due to trade between Asia and Europe
Itlay has a thriving middle class
Italy has patrons, or supporters of the arts, like the Medici family
Italy’s proximity to Rome

3. Renaissance Review Impacts of Renaissance
classical cultures of Greece and Rome were revived and imitated
Humanism – the focus on antiquity and the individual
Humanist believe people should study worldly (secular) subjects as well as sacred matters.
Humanists focused on investigating areas of interest and fulfilling one’s potential
Secular achievements were emphasized
Switch from the Medieval focus on religious themes to secular themes
Like the ancient Greeks, Renaissance emphasized the individual, human form in art, and realism
Renaissance architects embraced Roman and Greek styles

4. Renaissance Review Individuals of the Renaissance
Leonardo da Vinci – sculptor, inventor, architect, musician, engineer, painted Mona Lisa
Michelangelo – Sculptor, engineer, poet, painter, architect, painted Sistine Chapel, sculpted David
Raphael – Painter, Paintings of the Madonna (Mother of Jesus)
Sofonsio Anguissola –female artist, painter of King Philip II of Spain 
Machiavelli – wrote the Prince, guides rulers on how to rule
Albrecht Durer – known as the “German Leonardo” due to his large range of interests
Johann Gutenberg – develops printing press in Germany and literacy and education increase
Shakespeare – widely popular English play write.
Miguel Cervantes - Spanish writer who wrote Don Quixote

5. Renaissance Review Protestant Reformation: Started by Martin Luther
Martin Luther protests the sale of indulgences
Martin Luther criticizes the Catholic Church for being too interested in secular power and riches
Luther posts 95 Theses
Protestant Reformation strengthens royal power and Catholic power was lessened
Follower John Calvin preached theory of predestination
Henry VIII signs Act of Supremacy establishing the Anglican Church in England
ENDS RELIGIOUS UNITY IN EUROPE

6. Renaissance Review Catholic Reformation (Counter Reformation)
Catholic Church responds to Protestant Reformation
Seeks to reinstate the power of the Catholic Church
Council of Trent institutes plan of Catholic Reform
Supports Inquisition to prevent the introduction of Protestant religions
Inquisition seeks to fight heresy and achieve religious unity

7. Renaissance Review Scientific Revolution:
Copernicus introduces Heliocentric Theory, which states Earth revolves around the Sun
Galilileo develops telescope
Newton develops law of gravity
Bacon and Descarte develop scientific method.
Scientists begin to contradict medieval European beliefs.
Scientific Method encourages experimentation and observation to understand natural laws.

8. Renaissance Review Foundations for the Renaissance:
Crusades: series of Holy Wars that brings Europeans out of isolation.
Pax Mongolia: Travels of Marco Polo peaks European interest in China. Europeans are exposed to new technology and goods
Black Death: Weakens the grip of the Catholic Church on Western Europe. Humanism develops

9. Closure Extended Response Questions:
Explain the difference between art and architecture during the Middle Ages and the Renaissance.
Illustrate how the Pax Mongolia, Crusades, and Black Plague led to the Renaissance.
Describe the Scientific Method and in what ways did it change life during the Renaissance?