1. Botticelli’s Birth of Venus
Crisis and Rebirth in Europe Late Medieval to the Renaissance Reformation and Renaissance
Botticelli’s Birth of Venus

2. To Review— Economic, Social and Health Crisis
- Famine- partly bad weather
- Plagues caused havoc
Bubonic and Pneumonic
- Peasant revolts- reduced population
lords still wanted work- not enough serfs
Two major revolts during the Hundred Years War.
Giovanni Bellini, The Madonna of the Meadow

3. Other changes taking place
Feudalism breaking down towns increasing and kings becoming stronger raise own armies- issue right to tax
England - long struggle to establish Tudor kings (War of Roses)
Spain - Christians uniting to force out Moors
Russia forces out the Mongols
Ottoman Turks take Byzantium 1453
Domenico Ghirlandaio’s Piero di Medici

4. Religious Crisis Western Church spits with the Eastern orthodox 1054
Papacy moves to Avignon- French king powerful- resented by others
Vote for another pope- establishes two popes - called The Western Schism
Pope in Rome and Anti-pope in Avignon
@ one point there would be 3 people claiming to be pope.
Corruption, conflict - selling church position and indulgences for sins led to the beginnings of The Reformation
Botticelli’s Primavera

5. Intellectual Reawakening The Renaissance
Began in Italy- means “rebirth” some see as beginning of modern age with emphasis of individualism
Rebirth of classics- began to study Aristotle, Plato reconcile antiquity with Christianity
Humanism- saw potential in humans- belief in education, change and hope
The Ambassadors. Hans Holbein

6. Philosophy of Renaissance
To make people virtuous , see the possibility in improving
Looked to Greeks and Romans- recognized they were superior
Your social studies classes try to make you an “educated, well rounded human i.e. renaissance (wo)man.”
Michelangelo's The Last Judgment

7. Heavy Hitters of the Renaissance
Da Vinci
Painter and inventor (genius)
Michelangelo
Sculpture
Raphel
Realism
Machiavelli
“The Prince”
A guidebook on how to rule.

8. The Reformation
Many movements to reform- John Hus in 1415 had called for end of corruption went to Council at Constance- burned
Council said they were directly connected to God and everyone had to listen
Popes themselves had not the models of virtue
Michelangelo’s The Creation of Adam

9. The Reformers John Wycliff Johann Gutenberg
14th century who called for major changes within the church
Probably the 1st to translate the Bible into English
Johann Gutenberg
Invented the printing press which allowed the ideas of religious change to take hold.
Melozzo da Forli’s Angel Musician

10. Northern Renaissance
Shared some of the ideas of the Italian Renaissance. Before 1450, Renaissance in the really only in City-States of Italian.
Unlike the Renaissance in Italy, thinking started to focus on the centralized government. This weakened the church’s position in the north and west.
Giotto’s Lamentation

11. Reformation
This is a History 102 Topic, but many of the people and events shaping the Reformation were in the 14th and 15th centuries.
The Reformation was a movement in the 16th century to reform the Catholic Church.
Martin Luther and his 95 theses would be the major event of the movement.