1. Staffing a Major Academic Medical Center during a Pandemic
Ariel Grosshuesch
May 30th, 2010
ABAI 36th Annual Convention

2. Introduction
Pandemic occurs when a disease emerges for which people have little or no immunity and which there is no vaccine (Toner & Waldhorn, 2006)
Spreads rapidly from person to person and rapidly sweeps across the world
CDC (2009) estimates indicate that the number of Americans that may die during the next severe influenza pandemic is between 200,000 to 2 million
The inherent nature of influenza pandemic has been shown to impact staffing issues (Krajewski, Sztajnkrycer, & Baez, 2005)

3. Setting Large Midwestern Health System
Numerous hospitals and health centers, a medical school, and nursing school
930 total licensed beds, around 45,000 surgeries each year, employed approximately 19,000 individuals, and an operating expense of roughly 1.8 billion dollars

4. Existing Plans Planning Theory
Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)
National Incident Management System (NIMS)
Deming’s Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) Cycle (Deming, 1982)
Kepner-Tregoe (1965) Problem Solving Process
The Haddon Matrix (1968)
Planning Theory

5. Method
Examined the step-by-step staffing planning process implemented by the health system
Evaluated in terms of fit to plans and theories previously discussed
Survey Analysis: Critical Criteria Inclusion
Statements identified by how it supports the planning process, or explained why it does not fit the planning model and maps
Document Analysis: Critical Criteria Inclusion
Planning documents created by Health System were compared to Deming, Kepner-Tregoe, Haddon, and NIMS planning processes

6. Critical Planning Criteria
Determination of Environmental Factors (Haddon, 1968)
Proper Problem Definition (Kepner & Tregoe, 1965)
Proper Problem Specificity (Haddon, 1968)
Generation of multiple solutions (Kepner & Tregoe, 1965)
Evaluation of solutions prior to implementation (Deming, 1982; Kepner & Tregoe, 1965)
Inclusion of feedback loop (Deming, 1982; Kepner & Tregoe, 1965; FEMA, 2009)

7. Proposed Emergency Preparedness Planning Model

10. Summary Pandemic Planning Process compared to:
Planning theory from the literature
Surveys of SMEs
Document Reviews
Federal Guidelines do not specify HOW to plan in advance, rather simply state that planning must occur
Comprehensive emergency management planning model
Assist health systems in planning preparations
Used by both health system personnel as well as researchers in developing and revising further pandemic influenza planning models.