1. Steroids & Muscle Growth
Jennifer Schrandt
Stony Brook University

2. Steroid Structure

3. Mechanism of Steroid Hormones

4. Most Effective Steroids: Anabolic, Androgenic Steroids

5. Physiological Effects of Testosterone
DHT = dihydrotestosterone
E2 = estradiol

6. Normal Testosterone Levels

7. Abuse of Testosterone & Derivatives
Typically dosed at mg per week; shouldn’t use more than 600 mg in a week
Frequent low doses combined with exercise
Routes of administration: oral, cream, i.v.
Body size affects dosage in that larger body size decreases the concentration of the drug in the bloodstream

8. Side Effects of Testosterone Usage
Men & women
Aggression
High blood pressure
Higher levels of LDL cholesterol
Liver disease
Oily skin and acne
Skin infections
Men:
Reduced sperm count
Shrink testicles
Enlarged breasts
Women:
Increased body hair
Decreased breast size
Deepen voice

9. Metabolism of Testosterone Explains Differential Side Effects
Srinivas-Shankar & Wu, 2006

10. Non-Steroidal Muscle Growth Enhancement

11. Myostatin Inhibition

12. Cohen et al., 2015

13. Implications for Myostatin Inhibition
Cohen et al., 2015

14. Questions?