1. Tony Serino, Ph.D. Biology Department Misericordia University
Reproduction: Female
Tony Serino, Ph.D. Biology Department Misericordia University

2. Female Reproduction Gonad: Ovary Gametes: Ova Duct System:
Transport ovum from ovary to uterus
Site of fertilization;
Receive and transport sperm to ovum
Capacitate sperm
House and support fetus
Deliver fetus
Supporting Structures
Sensory and protective functions

3. Female External Genitalia

4. Female Anatomy
(oviduct or Fallopian tube)
Vulva

5. Development of Ovum and Follicle

6. Oviduct (Uterine or Fallopian tube)
Ampulla
Isthmus

7. Uterine Layers
Perimetrium

8. Female Hormones Hypothalamus secretes GnRH
Anterior Pituitary secretes FSH and LH
Theca cells of ovary secrete estrogens
Granulosa cells secrete inhibin
Luteal cells (modified granulosa cells) secrete progesterone

9. Fig
17.19.jpg
Converted by aromatase

10. Fig
17.06.jpg

11. Ovarian and Uterine Cycles

12. Female Sexual Response
Arousal
Triggered by:
Touching of genital skin and other areas of skin
Mechanical stimulation of pressure receptors in clitoris
Erotic sights, sounds, and smells
Thoughts and memories
Increased myotonia throughout body, BP, breathing and HR
Sexual stimulation leads to accumulation of blood in vaginal tissues, labia minora, clitoris, and breasts (including areola and nipple)
Vestibular glands secrete lubricating fluid into vestibule and mucous is secreted into vagina
The vagina may expand its width and some of its length
Plateau
Increased swelling of vagina and labia minora, and become more sensitive
Clitoris may withdraw into its hood (prepuce)
Orgasm
Pleasurable rhythmic contractions of uterus, vagina and clitoris
Followed by relaxation but no refractory period

13. Development of Reproductive System
Gonads of embryo are sexually indistinguishable
Two sets of ducts present: Mullerian (female) and Wolfian (male)
Female pattern will develop as default
If XY, then testes develop and secrete testosterone
Testosterone stimulates growth of male pattern and degeneration of female pattern

14. Male Development
17.03a.jpg

15. Female Development
17.03b.jpg

16. Reproductive Development
Much of the system’s development occurs after birth –during adolescence
Generation of functional sex cells and secondary characteristics dependent on fully functional gonads in both sexes

17. Pregnancy

18. Fig
17.23.jpg

19. Pregnant Uterus
17.27a.jpg

20. Fig
17.28.jpg

21. 17.29a.jpg

22. Labor: Dilation and Effacement
17.29b.jpg

23. Birth: Fetus Expulsion
17.29c.jpg

24. Fig d
17.29d.jpg

25. After birth
17.29e.jpg

26. Positive Feedback for Birth
17.30.jpg

27. Lactation
17.31.jpg

28. Fig
17.32.jpg

29. 17.11.jpg

30. Contraception Methods

31. Menopause Cessation of reproductive function with age
Occurs only in women (men slow down function but do not cease unless pathology occurs)
Women see steep decline in pituitary and ovarian hormone production that eventually stops both ovarian and uterine cycles
Woman said to complete menopause after one year without menses