1. Introduction to 1.2
“Totally Ultimate”

2. 1.2 Totally Ultimate
Demonstrate knowledge of body structure and function in a physical activity (Ultimate)
Students will participate in a ultimate Frisbee tournament and analyse anatomical and physiological concepts in relation to this
5 Credits

3. Lesson Structure Anatomy Body structure Skeletal System Joints
Joint Movement
Muscular System
Muscle Movement

4. Lesson Structure Physiology Energy Systems Exercise Systems
Short Term/Long term effects
Body Types

5. Lesson Structure Biomechanics Motion & Gravity Stability & Balance
Levers
Newton's Laws
Force Summation

6. Skeletal System Foundation on which the body is structured
Used to support and protect internal organs as well as allowing movement to occur.

7. Muscular System Made up of muscles, which provide force for movement
Pulls bones around a joint, either closer together or further apart, allowing movement to occur

8. Respiratory System Takes oxygen from the environment to the lungs
Removes carbon dioxide from the lungs to the environment

9. Cardiovascular System
Pumps blood around the body, where it is used by the muscles and organs
Transfers oxygen and carbon dioxide to and from the lungs and blood

10. The Skeletal System

11. Skeletal System Made up of 206 Bones and 200-350 joints
Act as a hard framework that gives shape and structure to the body
Protects fragile organs such as brain and heart by surrounding with strong bone
Provide muscles with places to attach to each bone
Creates movement as a muscle that is attached to 2 bones at either end is activated, it can then pull the bones together.

12. Cranium
Clavicle
Mandible
Sternum
Humerus
Rib Cage
Ulna
Radius
Carpals
Femur
Phalanges
Patella
Meta-Carpals
Fibula
Tibia
Metatarsals
Tarsals
Phalanges

13. Cervical Vertebrae
Scapula
Thoracic Vertebrae
Lumbar Vertebrae
Sacral or
Sacrum
Illium
Coccyx

14. The Muscular system

15. The Muscular System

16. The Muscular System
3 different types of muscles in the body, skeletal, smooth & cardiac
Main type of muscle is skeletal muscle. These attach to the bones and act over joints. As contraction occurs they shorten and pull the bones together to produce movement
Muscles are connected to bones by tendons. Muscles can enlarge or reduce in size depending on the amount of exercise or activity people do.

17. Pectoralis Major
Bicep Brachii
Rectus Abdominus
Brachioradialis
Quadriceps
Tibialis Anterior

18. Deltoid
Tricep
Latissimus Dorsi
Gluteus Maximus
Hamstring
Gastrocnemius
Soleus

19. Joints

20. Joints of the Body Ball and Socket Hinge Joint Pivot Joint
Joints are the connection point between each bone in the body. Where two bones meet is known as a joint
Ball and Socket
Hinge Joint
Pivot Joint

21. Ball-and-Socket Joints
Made up of round end (ball) and a depression on the other bone (socket)
head of humerus into cavity of scapula
head of femur into cavity of hip bone
Movement in all directions

22. Ball-and-Socket Joints

23. Hinge Joints
Similar to hinge on a door. Restricted movement between 2 bones, only forward and backwards
ulna and humerus at elbow joint
femur and tibia at knee joint
finger and toe joints

24. Hinge Joints

25. Pivot Joints
Allows fixed movement between the two bones. Movement occurs in rotary direction both forwards and backwards
E.g Neck

26. Pivot Joints

27. Joint Movement

28. Decreasing the angle around a joint, between two body parts’
Flexion
Decreasing the angle around a joint, between two body parts’
Flexion Leg
Reducing the angle between the gastrocnemius and the hamstrings. Bringing foot towards the bum.
Flexion Arm
Reducing the angle between the Bicep and the Brachioradialis. Bringing forearm towards the bicep.

29. Increasing the angle around a joint, between two body parts’
Extension
Increasing the angle around a joint, between two body parts’
Extension Leg
Increasing the angle between the gastrocnemius and the hamstrings. Bringing foot away from the bum.
Extension Arm
Increasing the angle between the Tricep and the Brachioradialis. Bringing forearm away from the bicep.

30. Abduction ‘Taking a limb away from the midline of the body’
Abduction Leg
Taking the leg out and away from the body’s core.
Abduction Arm
Taking the arm out and away from the body’s core.

31. Adduction ‘Bringing a limb back towards the midline of the body’
Adduction Leg
Bringing the leg back towards the body’s core.
Adduction Arm
Bringing the arm back towards the body’s core.

32. Plantar & Dorsi Flexion
Plantar Flexion Foot
Pointing the toes down so that the angle between the tibialis anterior and the metatarsals increases.
Dorsi Flexion Foot
Pointing the toes up so that the angle between the tibialis anterior and the metatarsals decreases.

33. Rotation & Circumduction
Rotation (forearm)
the act of rotating, so the circular movement of the forearm
Circumduction (arm/shoulder)
Circular motion involving all movements. Distal end moves in a circular motion while the proximal end remains stable

34. Pronation & Supanation
Rotation of the hands and forearms so that the palms face downward e.g spilling your soup
Supanation
Rotation of the hands and forearms so that the palms face upward e.g receiving money

35. Muscles & Bones Actions
Muscles cannot push, they can only pull. For this reason, they work in pairs – one muscle pulls by shortening its length (contraction), while its partner relaxes and lengthens. To return to the original position, the muscles reverse their roles. At the end of a movement the antagonist muscle slightly contracts to slow the movement down.

36. Muscles & Bone actions Agonist/Prime Mover: Antagonist:
The contracting muscle causing the movement over the joint
Antagonist:
The muscle that relaxes to allow movement to occur on the other side of the joint
Note that the antagonist may also be an agonist in another exercise