1. Quebec’s Quiet Revolution
Originally the Catholic Church told people that following the faith was the best means of avoiding assimilation by ‘English’ Canada.
However people began to tire of the traditional ways of the Church and began to change their thinking; people separated Church beliefs from politics.
Led by Jean Lesage Premier of Quebec from , Quebec underwent intense social and political change.
Secular - not relating to religion. The public school system ran by Catholic church. When school system came under scrutiny from all the pressure put on it by the adolescent baby boomers the department of education began to question the presence of the catholic church. Therefore, the church started to divide and develop away from political aspect of government.
L'Armée de libération du Québec was an antecedent group to the FLQ. The two groups participated in the 1963 Montreal bombing spree. For a decade bombings, robberies, and attacks against government officials were unleashed by the FLQ

2. Lesage fed the desires of Quebecers to gain special status within Confederation; views of Quebecers became more nationalistic and secular.
French Canadians identified themselves now as Quebecers and began to believe that separating from Canada was the way to preserve French identity.
Beginning of the Separatist movement; Contributed to FLQ Crisis.

3. The October Crisis and its affect on our culturally divided country.
THE FLQ
The October Crisis and its affect on our culturally divided country.

4. Who Or What Is The FLQ?
“The Front De Liberation Du Quebec”; was a terrorist organization in Canada.
Separatists – believed Quebec should be a nation separate from Canada.
Responsible for
More than 200 bombings
Deaths of at least 5 people
October, 1970 = October Crisis
Put pressure on the on the weak relationship between French and English Canadians

5. OCTOBER CRISIS
Name given to the events which occurred in Quebec in October of 1970.
Included kidnapping of Canadian diplomats by members of the FLQ.

6. The Kidnapping of James Cross
British Trade Commissioner
Kidnapped on October 5, 1970 by the “Liberation Cell” of the FLQ
Kidnapping left police with list of demands

7. THE DEMANDS 1. End of police searchs
2.     Publication of an FLQ manifesto
3.     Rehiring of the Lapalme employees
4.     Liberation of all political prisoners
(23 FLQ members)
5.     Denunciation of the informer who had led
the police to the capture of a cell of the
FLQ in June of 1970
6.      $ in gold
Safe passage out of the country.

8. Kidnapping of Pierre Laporte
Minister of Labour and Vice Premier of Quebec.
Kidnapped on October 10, 1970 by the “Chenier Cell” of the FLQ.
Wrote letter to Quebec Premier, Robert Bourassa, pleading for his life.
Executed October 17 - strangled to death and dumped in the trunk of
an abandoned car.
Chenier Cell=extremist of the FLQ Cells. VIOLENT

9. Meeting the Demands
The Canadian government broadcasted the FLQ manifesto on October 8th, 1970.
Policemen lined the streets of Quebec cities.
On October 15th, Quebec government invited the Canadian Armed Forces to Quebec to assist the local police.
The police search did not end and political prisoners were never released.

10. WAR MEASURES ACT Enforced on October 16th 1970.
Invoked to find and stop FLQ members
Emplaced throughout all of Canada, but took action in Quebec
Police were to arrest those who were suspected of belonging to the FLQ or supported the FLQ through literature, posters, stickers, or pamphlets.
Outlawed FLQ
Suspended Civil Liberties
497 persons arrested, of whom 435 would be released, the other 62 were charged.

11. Controversy of the War Measures Act
Jeopardized the civil rights of Canadian citizens
Police had power to arrest and put in detention on suspicion alone
Despite controversy 85% of Canadians agreed with invoking act
3 days before the act was invoked Trudeau was asked how far he was willing to go to stop the FLQ, he responded with:
“JUST WATCH ME”

12. Meeting the Demands After Laporte’s Death
After the execution of Pierre Laporte, negotiations were reached between police and the FLQ
James Cross was released and 5 known members of the FLQ were flown to Cuba by Canadian Forces.

13. The Capturing of the FLQ
All 4 members of the FLQ’s Chénier cell were captured and charged with the kidnapping and murder of Pierre Laporte.
This included Paul Rose, Jacques Rose, Frances Simard, and Bernard Lortie.

14. Quotes
“We are going to win because there are more boys ready to shoot members of Parliament than there are policemen.”
~Michel Chartrand,
Radical Separtist and FLQ supporter
“The Army occupies Quebec. It is unpleasant but undoubtedly necessary in times of crisis.”
~ René Lévesque,
Future Premier of Quebec

15. Documentary Action: The October Crisis of 1970