1. 20th Century and Beyond

2. Post War World
The Cold War

3. The Cold War

4. Begins with Germany
Germany’s armed forces were disbanded and the Nazi party was outlawed
In Western Germany, Allies helped set up political parties and assisted Germans in writing a federal Constitution.
In 1949, West Germany regained self-government and named itself the Federal Republic of Germany

5. Competing Ideologies United States Soviet Union
Democracy
Soviet Union
Communism
Wanted to spread democracy & capitalism to Eastern Europe.
NATO-North Atlantic Treaty Organization. U.S. & several Western European Countries.
Occupy Eastern Europe & turned countries into satellites (puppet states), to protect the Soviet Union from invasion from the west.
Warsaw Pact-Soviet Union & Eastern European satellite countries.

6. Vs. Democracy Communism Freedom of Press Freedom of Religion
People join parties and run for elections
People own businesses
Government control
Media = Censorship
Businesses
Promote good for the whole
One party leadership

7. U.S. Policies
CONTAINMENT -Policy directed at blocking Soviet influence and preventing the expansion of Communism.
TRUMAN DOCTRINE- Money given by U.S. to countries that resisted communism.
MARSHALL PLAN- Post WWII assistance program, in which, the U.S. would provide, food, machines, and other materials to “any” country that needed it.

8. Soviet Response
BERLIN BLOCKADE & AIRLIFT Soviets closed all road and rail links to Berlin. The Western allies began a massive airlift to feed the West Berliners.
This caused the creation of the Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany) in 1949
BERLIN WALL East German government built a wall that separated East Berlin from West Berlin.
Soldiers shot anyone that tried to escape East Berlin

9. Results in Cold War
Early in 1946 Stalin declares that communism & capitalism could not exist in the same world.
War between the U.S. & U.S.S.R. was certain.

10. Big Events of the Cold War
Korean War
Cuban Revolution
Cuban Missile Crisis
Vietnam War
Arms Race
Space Race
Fall of Communism

11. Korean War After World War II Korea was divided
the 38th parallel
North Korea, occupied Soviet forces
South Korea occupied by American forces.
Communist invaded the south in 1950
UN forces prevented takeover of South Korea.

12. Cuban Revolution In 1959 Fidel Castro seized power in Cuba.
He nationalized businesses and executed opponents,
transforming Cuba into a Communist state.
He threatened to spread Communism to other Latin American countries.
Bay of Pigs - In 1961 U.S. trained Cuban exiles unsuccessfully invaded Cuba at the Bay of Pigs.

13. Cuban Missile Crisis 1962
1962 the U. S. discovered Cuba was secretly building bases to install Soviet missiles with nuclear warheads.
John F. Kennedy (U.S.) ordered a naval blockade of Cuba and threatened and invasion
Khrushchev (USSR)agreed to withdraw the missiles for a pledge that the U.S. would not invade Cuba.

14. Vietnam War 1954-1975 French withdrew from Indochina in 1954
Vietnam was divided.
Ho Chi Minh founded communist North Vietnam
South Vietnam (U.S.)
Communists known as Vietcong attack South
U.S. entered the conflict to resist communism.
In 1973 U.S. troops withdrew
Paris Peace Accords.
1975 the South fell to the North

15. Arms Race U.S. Atomic Bomb during WWII.
Soviet scientists developed one in 1949.
Next 40 years
Superpowers (U.S. & USSR)
spend huge amounts of money make more dangerous weapons
Tensions between the two countries
Raised the fears among people

16. Space Race
In 1957, the Soviet Union launched Sputnik, a satellite, into orbit around the Earth.
Soon after the United States established NASA.
In 1958 the U.S. launched first satellite.
In 1961, the Soviets - first man into space.
In 1969 the U.S. was the first nation to put a man on the moon.
Soviets and Americans explored the use of satellites for military purposes.

17. Fall of Communism
Russian communist grip begins to loosen due to poor economy and global pressure.
LOW WORKER MORALE
FOOD SHORTAGES
NATIONALISM AND ETHNIC DIVERSITY
COST OF THE WAR
GLOBAL PRESSURE FOR FREEDOM

18. Mikhail Gorbachev GLASNOST - means “openness”
Free flow of ideas, no censorship
Religious freedom
Public criticism of gov’t
Contested elections (secret ballots)
Release of political prisoners
Books freely printed

19. Mikhail Gorbachev PERESTROIKA - means “restructuring”
Some private property
Some small business –profits
Some Free trade
Local managers more control and authority over farms and factories

20. Post Cold War World
1970 – Present

21. Massive Global Decolonization

22. These nations are the HAVES they are Rich and Powerful
Italy
USA
Russia
Britain
Germany
France

24. Massive Global Decolonization
French out of Vietnam
African nations negotiated treaties with imperialist masters
Breeds conflict among new nations
Borders not defined
Ethnic struggles for power
Hutu’s vs. Tutsi’s in Rwanda
British out of India
Ghandi

25. China Becomes Communist after WWII
1949 Leader Moa Zedong Isolate from the world
1976 New Leader Deng Xiaoping
blend into a socialist market
1989Tiananmen Square
Reform movement by young generation

26. Human Rights Universal Declaration of Human Rights 1948
Genocide Convention, 1948
Armenian 1918
Jewish Holocaust 1930’s-1940’s
Cambodia-Pol Pot
Rwanda, 1994
Child Labor, Soldiers, Slavery

27. Global Interdependence

28. International Organizations
United Nations - peace
NAFTA – trade
WTO - trade
European Union

29. Modern Transportation
Faster more reliable
Communication is instantaneous
Mass media power
All increase trade and global interconnection

30. Spread of “Pop” Culture
Popular culture = western (U.S.) fads and fashions TV
Sports
Clothing
Movies

31. International Trade and Business
Large global corporations
Nations operating inside other nations
International Organizations
OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries)
Causes major problems among trading nations

32. Social Changes
Class, religious, racial, gender, and sexual orientation, reforms worldwide

33. Social Reforms Rise of Feminism (suffrage for women)
Civil rights movements globally
U.S. Martin Luther King Jr.
India Gandhi
Both used Non-Violent methods
Anti-apartheid (separation) South Africa
Nelson Mandela

34. Political Reforms Disarmament SDI – strategic defense initiative
Global networks to alert of “dangerous people”

35. Terrorism Al Qaeda –Osama Bin Laden Hamas in Israel
Hezbollah in Lebanon
Suicide bombers-Israel and Iraq

36. “Hunt down terrorist and those who harbor them”
Bush Doctrine
State-sponsored terrorism – training and arming extremist to carry out attacks.
“Hunt down terrorist and those who harbor them”
Patriot Act
Allows secret searches
Wiretap suspects
, voice mail, library records
Department of Homeland Security
TSA

37. Environmental Concerns
Rachel Carson – begins study of ecology – relationship between living things and their environment
Population growth is hurting the environment
Two problems:
Deforestation – clearing forest for farmland
Desertification – turning good land into bad land

38. Environmental Issues Global warming Kyoto Protocol Release of gases
Aerosol cans, refrigerators, etc
Destroys ozone layer
Creates GREENHOUSE effect
Kyoto Protocol
Agreement to reduce emissions signed by 150 nations (not U.S.)

39. Advances in Medicine Heart Transplants (Dr. Chris Barnard)
First in Cape Town South Africa.
New Vaccines
Influenza
Small Pox
New diseases
HIV/Aids
Cancer
Brain research

40. Communications Explosion
Internet
The World Wide Web developed in 1990’s
Satellites
Cable TV
Cell Phones
Computers
IBM makes 1st in 1948 (IBM 1401)