1. History of Animation
Mr. Kaczynski
August 11th, 2014

2. Definition
ANIMATION  refers to the creation of a SEQUENCE OF IMAGES — drawn, painted, or produced by other artistic methods—that change over time to portray the ILLUSION OF MOTION.

3. Ancient Examples
Interest in depicting motion has existed for a very long time.
Paleolithic Era –
Cave paintings containing animals with multiple sets of legs, superimposed in multiple positions

4. Ancient Examples
Interest in depicting motion has existed for a very long time.
5,200 year old Iranian pottery –
Five incremental images showing a goat attempting to nip at a tree

5. Ancient Examples
Interest in depicting motion has existed for a very long time.
4,000 year old Egyptian mural –
A long series of images that depict the actions of a wrestling match

6. Ancient Examples
Interest in depicting motion has existed for a very long time.
Leonardo da Vinci (1510) –
Seven drawings that show the rotation of the upper body

7. Animation Before Film
Many devices were created to display animated images before the film era.
These devices were used to entertain, amaze and frighten people.
Most could not project their images, so they could only be viewed by a single person. This stopped animation from becoming a large scale entertainment option before film.

8. Animation Before Film cont.
The Magic Lantern (1650) -
Early predecessor of the modern projector
The machine included a translucent oil painting, a lens, and a candle or oil lamp.
Usually used to project demonic images on a flat surface to make people believe they were experiencing something supernatural.

9. Animation Before Film cont.
Thaumatrope (1824) -
A small disc, with different pictures on each side, connected to two pieces of strings.
When the strings are twirled between your fingers, the two images look as if combined into one.
Persistence of Vision: The perception of an object by the eyes and brain to exist for a fraction of a second after it is blocked.

10. Animation Before Film cont.
Phenakistoscope (1831) -
A disc consisting of sequential images evenly spaced around the center.
Viewers would look through a hole as the disc is spun from behind. This creates an illusion of animation.

11. Animation Before Film cont.
Zoetrope (1834) -
Similar to a Phenakistoscope.
Frames of animation are printed on a strip of paper that placed inside a cylindrical container.
The viewer looks through slits as the cylinder spins creating an illusion of movement.

12. Animation Before Film cont.
Flip book (1868) -
A small book that contains individual animated images. When the pages are pulled back and sprung forward, the replacement of image creates the illusion of movement.
Unlike other devices of the day, this form of animation requires no other equipment than the users hand.

13. Animation Before Film cont.
Praxinoscope (1877) -
A French science teacher, by the name of  Charles-Émile Reynaud, created the first animated projection on a screen.
In 1892, at the Musée Grévin in Paris, Pauvre Pierrot was the first publicly projected animation.

14. Traditional Animation
J. Stuart Blackton is considered the father of American Animation. He created the first entirely, animated film titled Humorous Phases of Funny Faces, 1906, and used Stop Motion animation in 1908 for The Humpty Dumpty Circus.
Emile Cohl was the first to use traditional animation techniques to create Fantasmagorie in He drew each frame on paper, which was then shot onto negative film.
In 1911, Wladyslaw Starewicz used dead insects and stop motion animation to create the first puppet animated film, The Cameraman’s Revenge.

15. Innovators in Animation
Windsor McCay released Getrie the Dinosaur in This propelled CHARACTER DEVELOPMENT in the area of drawn animation.
Earl Hud invented the CEL TECHNIQUE. This dealt with animating objects on transparent celluloid sheets. The sequential images would then be photographed in front of a still background.
In 1915, Max and Dave Fleischer invented ROTOSCOPING, which uses film as a reference point for animation.

16. Walt Disney 1923, Walt Disney opened Disney Studios.
1928, Disney released Steamboat Willie. This was the Mickey Mouse’s third appearance, and the first cartoon to have a post-produced soundtrack. The voice and sound effects were printed on the film itself.
1932’s Flowers and Trees was the first animation to use full, three-color Technicolor. They won an Academy Award, and it soon became the industry standard.
1937’s Snow White and the Seven Dwarves was the first completely hand drawn animated feature film. This is due to its run time of 41 minutes.