1. Communicable Diseases
Chapter 18
Communicable Diseases
Lesson 1
Preventing the Spread of Disease
Teacher’s notes are available in the notes section of this presentation.
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2. Any condition that interferes with the proper functioning of the body and mind
disease
communicable disease
A disease that can be passed to a person from another person, animal, or object
Disease-causing organisms that are so small they can only be seen through a microscope
pathogens
Click to reveal the definitions.
A condition that occurs when pathogens enter the body, multiply, and cause harm
infection

3. viruses bacteria fungi protozoa
need to be inside living cells to grow and reproduce. 
are tiny, one-celled creatures that get nutrients from their environments in order to live.
bacteria
fungi
are multi-celled (made of many cells), plant-like organisms.
Click to reveal the definitions.
protozoa
are one-cell organisms that love moisture and often spread diseases through water and insect bites.

4. An organism, such as an insect, that transmits pathogens vector
hygiene
Cleanliness
Click to reveal the definitions.

5. In this lesson, you will learn to
name some causes of communicable disease.
explain how pathogens are spread.
describe how to protect yourself against pathogens.

6. A cold is one kind of disease.
Common Diseases
A cold is one kind of disease.
I.Disease Any condition that interferes with the proper functioning of the body or mind

7. A cold is a communicable disease.
A.Communicable Disease A disease that can be passed to a person from another person, animal, or object

8. 1. Pathogen is a fancy word for germ.
Common Diseases
1. Pathogen is a fancy word for germ.
2. Pathogens Disease-causing organisms that are so small they can only be seen through a microscope

9. Pathogens can cause an infection. This is an outer ear infection-->
Infection A condition that occurs when pathogens enter the body, multiply, and cause harm

10. Most viral infections cannot be treated and cured with antibiotics.
Types of Pathogens
Viruses cause common diseases, such as colds and the flu. Most viruses can't survive very long if they're not inside a living thing like a plant, animal, or person. 
Most viral infections cannot be treated and cured with antibiotics.
Most viral infections cannot be treated and cured with antibiotics.
Viruses The smallest pathogens

11. Virus Picture

12. Most bacterial infections can be treated and cured with antibiotics.
Types of Pathogens
Bacteria that live in your digestive tract help you digest food. Other bacteria are harmful. Bacteria are tiny, one-celled creatures that get nutrients from their environments in order to live. In some cases that environment is a human body. Bacteria can reproduce outside of the body or within the body as they cause infections. Some bacteria are good for our bodies — they help keep things in balance. Good bacteria live in our intestines and help us use the nutrients in the food we eat and make waste from what's left over. We couldn't make the most of a healthy meal without these important helper germs! Some bacteria are also used by scientists in labs to produce medicines and vaccines.
Harmful bacteria can cause diseases such as strep throat and pneumonia.
Most bacterial infections can be treated can cured with antibiotics.
Bacteria Tiny one-celled organisms
Most bacterial infections can be treated and cured with antibiotics.

13. Bacteria Picture

14. Types of Pathogens - Fungi
Unlike other plants, fungi cannot make their own food from soil, water, and air. Instead, fungi get their nutrition from plants, people, and animals. They love to live in damp, warm places, and many fungi are not dangerous in healthy people. An example of something caused by fungi is athlete's foot, that itchy rash that teens and adults sometimes get between their toes.
Fungi - are multi-celled (made of many cells), plant-like organisms

15. Fungi Picture

16. Types of Pathogens – Protozoa
Some protozoa cause intestinal infections that lead to diarrhea, nausea, and belly pain.
Malaria is a disease caused by a protozoa that can live in mosquitoes. If an infected mosquito bites a person, the protozoa transfers into the body through the skin.
If an infected mosquito bites a person, the protozoa transfers into the body through the skin.
Protozoa one-cell organisms that love moisture and often spread diseases through water and insect bites.

17. Protozoa

18. Types of Pathogens Pathogens Diseases
Viruses
The smallest pathogens
Colds, influenza, hepatitis, chicken pox, measles, mumps, mononucleosis, herpes, HIV/AIDS, fever, polio, rabies, viral pneumonia
Bacteria
Tiny one-celled organisms
Pink eye, pertussis (whooping cough), strep throat, tuberculosis, Lyme disease, most foodborne illnesses, diphtheria, bacterial pneumonia, cholera
Fungi Organisms that are more complex than bacteria, but can’t make their own food
Athlete's foot, ringworm, Infantigo
Protozoa
One-celled organisms that are more complex than bacteria
Amoebic dysentery, malaria
All communicable diseases are caused by pathogens.

19. How are Pathogens Spread?
Direct contact with others is skin to skin contact.
Examples include: Sexual Activity, Kissing, Shaking Hands

20. How are Pathogens Spread?
Indirect contact with others is touching infected objects.
Examples include: Sharing a Drinking Glass, Touching a Door Handle after Another Person has Touched a Handle

21. How Do Pathogens Spread?
1.Direct contact with others
2.Indirect contact with others
3-4.Contact with contaminated food and water
5-6.Contact with animals or insects
5-6.Contact with animals or insects
7.Air-Coughs, sneezes
Direct contact with others:
You can pick up a virus or bacteria by shaking hands with or kissing an infected person. Some pathogens are spread through sexual contact.
Indirect contact with others:
Pathogens can enter your body by sharing drinking glasses or eating utensils with an infected person.
Pathogens can also be spread by contaminated needles used for tattoos, body piercings, and drug injection.
Contact with contaminated food and water:
Food that is improperly stored or undercooked provide an environment where pathogens can multiply.
Illnesses people get from pathogens in food are called food borne illnesses.
Contact with animals or insects:
The bite of a tick can spread the virus that causes Lyme disease. Mosquitoes infected with the West Nile virus can spread that virus to birds, horses, and humans through their saliva.

22. How Do Pathogens Spread?
A pathogen-carrying mosquito is an example of a vector.
C. Vector An organism, such as an insect, that transmits pathogens

23. How to Keep Pathogens from Spreading
Practicing good personal hygiene is a good way to keep pathogens from spreading.
Hygiene Cleanliness

24. How to Keep Pathogens from Spreading
Eat nutritious foods and get enough physical activity and rest.
Avoid close contact with people infected with a communicable disease, especially if they are still contagious.
Never share eating or drinking utensils.

25. How to Keep Pathogens from Spreading
Do not share toothbrushes or other personal hygiene items.
Wash your hands thoroughly in warm, soapy water.
Wash your hands thoroughly especially before eating and after using the bathroom, playing with pets, or handling garbage.
Avoid touching your mouth, nose, and eyes. Do not bite your nails.

26. How to Keep Pathogens from Spreading
Handle and prepare food safely, especially poultry and fish. Wash vegetables and cook meat thoroughly.
Wipe counters thoroughly with a clean sponge or cloth. Replace sponges and cloths often.
If sponges and cloths are dirty or overused, the can spread more germs than they remove.
Keep your environment clean. Empty trash frequently and keep trash cans clean.

27. Helping Others Stay Healthy
If you are ill, stay home from school and other public places. Avoid contact with others.
When you sneeze, cover your mouth and nose, and turn your head away from others. Wash your hands right away.
Wash your hands to the tune of ABC’s twice to make sure that you have washed them long enough!

28. Lesson 1 Review
What I Learned
Give Examples What are four types of pathogens? Give an example of a disease caused by each kind.
viruses, colds; bacteria, strep throat; fungi, athlete's foot; protozoa, malaria

29. Lesson 1 Review
What I Learned
Describe What are some ways that pathogens can be spread by indirect contact?
Sharing drinking glasses, eating utensils, contaminated needles can spread disease.

30. Lesson 1 Review
Thinking Critically
Analyze Why do you think it is important for teens to practice good personal hygiene?
Sample answer: Practicing good personal hygiene helps prevent the spread of diseases.

31. Lesson 1 Review
Thinking Critically
Apply Brendan is coughing and sneezing at school. What should Brendan do to help prevent the spread of pathogens? Explain your answer.
Sample answer: Good advice for Brendan would be to cover his nose and mouth when he coughs and sneezes because that prevents the spread of the cold.

32. Communicable Diseases
End of
Chapter 18
Communicable Diseases
Lesson 1
Preventing the Spread of Disease
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